I had the same issue and found a solution at:
https://issueexplorer.com/issue/microsoft/WSL/7499
https://www.reddit.com/r/bashonubuntuonwindows/comments/og727b/accessing_wsllocalhost_through_windows_11_file/
The solution was to use the Registry Editor (regedit.msc) to edit
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\NetworkProvider\Order
and change it to
P9NP,cbfsconnect2017,RDPNP,LanmanWorkstation,webclient,wsauth
(For my computers, it seems that P9NP should be at the beginning, and one needs to remove WinFsp.Np and cbfs6 if present. Not sure whether you need all the other values.)
Make sure that ...\HWOrder is also changed to the same value automatically. Close Registry Editor, and then Linux tree is accessible to me.
The registry value gets changed after restarting the computer or installing some network drives, and I will then have to go to the Registry Editor and change it to get it to work.