An Azure relational database service.
Your results (East US fails for new databases too, Central US works) suggest a subscription restriction in East US. Premium supports zone redundancy, so the tier isn’t the issue. ProvisioningDisabled can also mean a capacity limit, though.
Run the update with --debug and save the full error message and the request/correlation IDs.
Open a support request: Service and subscription limits (quotas) -> SQL Database. Ask for zone-redundant provisioning in East US for your subscription, and include the IDs and the Central US comparison.
Once it’s approved, retry the update. Test on a copy first.
If East US has no capacity, deploy a zone-redundant database in a supported region and migrate. Geo-replication covers regional DR, but it doesn't replace zone redundancy.