@Andreas ,
Unfortunately the support for the Table binding hasn't been carried forward in the v5 storage extensions (Microsoft.Azure.WebJobs.Extensions.Storage). You'll have to use Table Storage SDKs directly for the table operations or you can use the next lower version of Microsoft.Azure.WebJobs.Extensions.Storage which is 4.0.5
I'm not aware of any plans to bring the binding back, but I would encourage you to log a feature request in the repo https://github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-net/issues.
Apologies for the inconvenience caused.