I can see available TFS plugin for Jenkins, so I would say yes, it can be used with Jenkins.
A how-to there; https://www.powerupcloud.com/tfs-integration-with-jenkins/
And there you can see a Jenkins Plugin there and there.
To quote another answer from SO;
You can integrate Jenkins and TFS just like you can integrate Jenkins with many other VCS.
https://wiki.jenkins-ci.org/display/JENKINS/Team+Foundation+Server+Plugin
You should however consider the features that you loose by using Jenkins. You don't get a maintained relationship between builds and work items. You don't get to use Gated Checkin. You cant relate Test Results with builds and thus can't get a holistic view of your coverage. You don't get Test Impact Analysis which will tell you which tests, manual and automated, that you need to run when code changes.
To be brutally honest there is no value in using Jenkins with TFS and in fact the loss of functionality is crippling to any ALM strategy.