Is that a time that is at the start of the filename and you want to strip it off or is it something else? To convert a string to a date then you can use the toDate function in an expression.
toDate(filename)
Note that there is no just date type so all your values are going to include a time. If you need to filter out time for display/comparison/etc purposes then you can do that at the point you need to exclude them.
toString(myDate, 'yyyy-MM-dd')
If the filename has other stuff in front then you might first need to use regexExtract to capture just the date portion and then use toDate
to convert it to a datetime value.
toDate(regexExtract(filename, '[0-9]{4}-[0-9]{2}-[0-9]{2}\.json$'), 'yyyy-MM-dd')
Just guessing a little on the RE. [0-9]
matches a digit. {4}
says there should be 4. $
says end of string. If your dates use single and double digit months/days then the expression needs to adjust a little.