@Mountain Pond Thanks for posting in our Q&A.
For this issue, I have done a lot of reseach. I find that BrowsingDataLifetime setting works on Google Chrome (Android) since version 96.
https://chromeenterprise.google/policies/#BrowsingDataLifetime
Note: Non-Microsoft link, just for the reference.
Please make sure that the Google Chrome on the Android device is version 96 or later.
If the prerequisite is met, but this issue still exists, it is needed to check logs in the device to find the root cause. With Q&A limitation, it is suggested to create an online support ticket to handle this issue more effectively. It is free. Here is the online support link:
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/mem/get-support
Thanks for understanding.
If the answer is the right solution, please click "Accept Answer" and kindly upvote it. If you have extra questions about this answer, please click "Comment".
Note: Please follow the steps in our documentation to enable e-mail notifications if you want to receive the related email notification for this thread.