The easiest way is to use the free MS tool DMA = Data Migration Assistant v5.5 , it checks all known possible compatibility issues for you.
Backward compability for Azure Managed Instance, Azure SQL server and SQL server

Podrygajło, Paweł
21
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Dear Community
I'm thinking about moving database located on SQL Server 2012 to Azure managed instance or SQL server 2019.
I was reading about backward compatibility of those two sql server models and it seems both of them support databases even from SQL server 2008,
but if I got it right, beside of backward compatibility, I need to check changes in datatypes and deprecated system procedures, because this is not covered by backward compatibility
Am I correct?