Hi Eric,
According to your query result, the Distributor is indeed configured on this SQL Server instance. What error did you encounter when configuring Publisher next? What is the "random" error? You can refer to this article to configure transactional replication.
https://www.sqlshack.com/sql-replication-basic-setup-and-configuration/
You encounter an error when using the Disable Publishing and Distribution Wizard. It may be that there are publishing and distribution objects that have not been completely removed. In my test, if I only configure the distributor on a SQL Server 2019 instance, and then use Disable Publishing and Distribution Wizard, I can simply successfully delete this configuration.
You can try to execute following t-sql statement:
use master
go
EXEC sp_dropdistributor @no_checks= 1;
GO
Please refer to this MS article and try to use T_SQL statement to disable the publishing and distribution.
===============================================
If the response helped, do "Accept Answer" and upvote it.