Man, this has been a battle, but I think I can help you both. We have been battling this from a Verizon MDM direction, but it ended up just being a phone setting. I noticed in the authenticator app settings Uninstall and Force Stop were greyed out, and I couldn't even do it from Safe Mode. What ended up fixing it was Settings -> Security and privacy -> Other security settings -> Device admin apps -> Unselect Authenticator.
As soon as I did that I could go into the App and turn on notifications, and they actually stayed on. Maybe it won't help you all, but I spend probably four hours working on this and figured I would at least toss it out there for you. My MDM manager did put me in the admin group before I made this change, but I'm not sure that was required or not. If you aren't able to turn this off then maybe get them to temporarily do the same for you. Hope it helps!