I'm assuming you don't want to simply uninstall MsTeams?
I believe MsTeams by default is now installed in machine-wide mode for the multi-session images instead of per user profile and I think the GPO option you are using is for the per-user installation.
I think you would need to install MsTeams in the machine-wide mode but use the switch option as below to prevent it from auto-starting.
msiexec /i Teams_windows_x64.msi OPTIONS="noAutoStart=true" ALLUSERS=1
I haven't tested this but this is referenced in the same link that you posted: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoftteams/msi-deployment#disable-auto-launch-for-the-msi-installer