Is the user mailbox on Exchange 2013, or Exchange Online?
What did you set from Outlook? Did you set encoding for outgoing messages at File > Options > Advanced > International options?
By default, Outlook is set to automatically select encoding. If you write the message with Arabic, the message should be displayed properly.
Does the user get any NDR message when send message with Arabic? Please provide more details about the issue phenomenon. You also can post the related screenshot here, and don't forget to cover your personal information.
Based on my knowledge, the supported methods to configure message character set are using Outlook or remote domain. For your reference: Message encoding options. If you are using any third-party Antispam software, you also can contact the vendor for any relevant and available features.
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