
Hi @Don Hsieh
Welcome to Q&A forum ~
Here is a similar thread "Change username displayed in Office 2013" you can have a check.
As DonPick said, it's probably cached in the registry (HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Office\16.0\Common\Identity\Identities) for that user's profile.
You can also try to modify the registry (HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Office\16.0\Common\Identity) to show the correct ADuserDispalyName.
(Serious problems might occur if you modify the registry incorrectly. Before you modify it, please remember to back up the registry for restoration in case problems occur.)
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