Actually got this working, posting my solution here in case anyone else runs into a similar issue:
Sub FinalFormat()
'
Dim wsData As Worksheet
Dim LastSamplePrepColumn As Range
Dim rngHeaders As Range
Dim colID As Long
Application.CutCopyMode = False
Set wsData = Sheets("PowerBI Data Dump")
Set rngHeaders = wsData.Range("1:1")
colID = Application.Match("UniqueID", rngHeaders, 0)
If Not IsError(colID) Then
With wsData
.Range(.Cells(2, colID), .Cells(.Rows.Count, colID).End(xlUp)) _
.FormulaR1C1 = "=CONCATENATE(RC[-2],RC[-1])"
.Range(.Cells(2, colID + 1), .Cells(.Rows.Count, colID).End(xlUp).Offset(, 1)) _
.FormulaR1C1 = "=VLOOKUP(RC[-1],UniqueID!C1,1,FALSE)"
End With
End If
Sheets("PowerBI Data Dump").Select
End Sub