@PascalBurkanrd-5033 You need to add and consent to required permissions for the user on Graph Explorer page by selecting the permissions from "Settings Gear" on left side -
Select Mail.Read.Shared from the list of permissions and consent it by accepting it as it requires an user consent.
You will then get redirected to the consent page as shown below -
Once consented you can then access the shared mailbox by calling -
https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/users/{sharedmailboxmailaddress}/messages