there are two modes for creating a Sharepoint 2019 applications (crud forms)
1) external site that uses the Sharepoint rest api. You can write in any language you want, and the server code uses the Sharepoint rest (client) api to do updates. You add a link to your site on a Sharepoint page. Using oauth you can share authentication.
2) a Sharepoint web part. this is a html/javascript component hosted by an actual Sharepoint page. this the replacement for old Sharepoint server applications. there is a js client library that matches the old server api features (access lists, etc). these are developed with node and the IDE of choice.