In the end, I used two query parameters. One is for the input that I need, and the other is a true/false flag. So, I can do this:
<OrchestrationStep Order="2" Type="ClaimsExchange">
<Preconditions>
<Precondition Type="ClaimEquals" ExecuteActionsIf="true">
<Value>useCustomCorrelationId</Value>
<Value>true</Value>
<Action>SkipThisOrchestrationStep</Action>
</Precondition>
</Preconditions>
<ClaimsExchanges>
<ClaimsExchange Id="set-azure-correlation-id" TechnicalProfileReferenceId="set-azure-correlation-id" />
</ClaimsExchanges>
</OrchestrationStep>