@Sebastian Grugel - Thanks for reaching out to us.
Yes, using ASR one can replicate physical machines also. In case of a disaster, you can failover and in that case the Azure VM will start running.
Check this documentation for architecture - physical-azure-architecture.
Use the documentation here to setup replication - physical-azure-disaster-recovery
Hope this helps. and please feel free to reach out if you have any further questions.
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