To send property updates from a device to IoT Hub (or IoT Central), use the device twin.
Properties can be "read-only", which means the device sends property updates to IoT Hub, or "read-write" in which case IoT Hub can also send property updates to the device.
The following Python samples illustrate both of these scenarios:
https://github.com/Azure/azure-iot-sdk-python/blob/main/azure-iot-device/samples/pnp/README.md