The backup you create was made on a SQL Server instance created with Microsoft SQL Server 2022 Community Technology Preview 1.0 (CTP 1.0) that is a beta version of SQL Server 2022 that was released on last December. You need to restore the backup on a SQL Server 2012 (beta) instance installed on the local computer.
You can also script your database schema and data using SSMS on the SQL Server 2022 instance and then run the script on the local SQL Server instance. Hopefully your database is not that big and the source database is not using SQL 2022 new features.
In addition, you can use SSIS or Export/Import wizard in SSMS to transfer the data from the SQL 2022 database to the SQL Server 2019 instance. You can also export the data from SQL 2022 database to flat files and use bulk insert or bcp to import these filat files into SQL Server 2019.