it is probably possible to provision default query string params via ARM template - try to set parameters manually via portal UI like you did and export function app's ARM template - it may contain these values there. It is also possible to set default params by changing C# code:
string foo = req.GetQueryNameValuePairs().FirstOrDefault(q => string.Compare(q.Key, "foo", true) == 0).Value;
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(foo))
{
foo = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("foo", EnvironmentVariableTarget.Process);
}
In this example if param is missing in query string it will be read from app settings (can be set from Azure portal: Function app > Configuration > Application Settings).