WSUS uses HTTP for downloads and HTTPS for control communication. Both are required when using SSL. Think of it like FTP... control is on port 21, and the data is on port 20 (or when passive mode, using random ports above 1024)
Some relevant links:
https://www.ajtek.ca/wsus/how-to-setup-manage-and-maintain-wsus-part-7-ssl-setup-for-wsus-and-why-you-should-care/
https://www.ajtek.ca/wsus/client-machines-not-reporting-to-wsus-properly/