Hi there,
The first and most common troubleshooting is to remove that latest update and see how thing goes as updates have a history of breaking print servers.
Try to ping the printer server with the IP address and server name and see if it goes well. In my opinion, you may need to flush your DNS and try again, please run the following command:
Ipconfig /flushdns
ipconfig /registerdns
Also, here is a similar thread which you could take a look at and use for reference:
Access computers by IP addresses, but not by Computer Name
https://social.technet.microsoft.com/Forums/windows/en-US/f82b747e-6711-418b-9b6f-317223daa2dc/access-computers-by-ip-addresses-but-not-by-computer-name?forum=w7itpronetworking
Printer mappings via GPO Preferences - "No printers were found" error https://social.technet.microsoft.com/Forums/lync/en-US/54804a60-2d5c-481e-84af-1ddcb22142f1/printer-mappings-via-gpo-preferences-quotno-printers-were-foundquot-error?forum=winserverGP
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