External resources are read only from the Graph API point of view. They cannot be created, updated or deleted from the Graph API. These are resources that can only be created/updated/deleted by the Assignments App inside the Teams client - which is “external” to the Graph API. Typically, these resources map to Microsoft document types like Forms, Class Notebook, Reading Progress which aren’t exposed on the Graph.
As pointed out, the documentation already mentions this limitation -Documentation team will update the doc with a deeper explanation.
Like you are trying to “export” an assignment with this type of resource and then “import” it elsewhere - unfortunately we don’t support this scenario for external resource types.
During import step, you could instead create a equivalent resource of type educationLinkResource (https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/graph/api/resources/educationlinkresource?view=graph-rest-1.0) but the user experience in the Assignments App for this resource will not be preserved (users may be taken out of the Teams client every time they access the resource, some integration points of the resource with the Assignments app may be absent etc.)