
OOTB this is not possible. Uploading emails via drag and drop results in an msg file where the name is based on the subject. A sequence number like (2) is added when the file already exists. Email metadata is not extracted apart from the subject that is used to compose the name.
If you want to store email metadata (Subject, From, To, Sent date, presence of attachments, ...) in SharePoint columns you will need to use 3rd party apps. Most apps are add-ins for Outlook (list) but there are also SharePoint apps that are browser-based (example). Uploading an email via drag and drop into the standard SharePoint modern view will then trigger the metadata extraction. Fully transparent for the user.
The extracted email metadata allow for filtering, sorting and searching. By configuring managed properties users can use the same syntax as in Outlook: from:microsoft subject:sharepoint