According to your description above, your issue is like the problem introduced here: You can't view free/busy information on another user's Calendar in Exchange Online
This issue occurs if the user's calendar has a time slot that contains more than 1000 entries. And the solution to this issue is that we need to delete the items from the user's calendar.
I would like to confirm which method did you use to delete the items?
Litigation Hold is an Exchange server future that enables us to “freeze” all the mail items that were deleted by the user and keep this mail item in a hidden folder that can be accessed by the Exchange administrator.
Here you could try other ways to remove these items:
Remove-CalendarEvents
How to Use PowerShell to Remove Calendar Items from Exchange Online
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If the duplicated meeting still come again, you could check the mailbox audit log to find more information: Manage mailbox auditing
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