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Create an application gateway that hosts multiple web sites using Azure PowerShell

  • Article

You can use Azure PowerShell to configure the hosting of multiple web sites when you create an application gateway. In this article, you define backend address pools using virtual machines scale sets. You then configure listeners and rules based on domains that you own to make sure web traffic arrives at the appropriate servers in the pools. This article assumes that you own multiple domains and uses examples of www.contoso.com and www.fabrikam.com.

In this article, you learn how to:

  • Set up the network
  • Create an application gateway
  • Create backend listeners
  • Create routing rules
  • Create virtual machine scale sets with the backend pools
  • Create a CNAME record in your domain

Multi-site Application Gateway

If you don't have an Azure subscription, create a free account before you begin.

Note

We recommend that you use the Azure Az PowerShell module to interact with Azure. See Install Azure PowerShell to get started. To learn how to migrate to the Az PowerShell module, see Migrate Azure PowerShell from AzureRM to Az.

Azure Cloud Shell

Azure hosts Azure Cloud Shell, an interactive shell environment that you can use through your browser. You can use either Bash or PowerShell with Cloud Shell to work with Azure services. You can use the Cloud Shell preinstalled commands to run the code in this article, without having to install anything on your local environment.

To start Azure Cloud Shell:

Option Example/Link
Select Try It in the upper-right corner of a code or command block. Selecting Try It doesn't automatically copy the code or command to Cloud Shell. Screenshot that shows an example of Try It for Azure Cloud Shell.
Go to https://shell.azure.com, or select the Launch Cloud Shell button to open Cloud Shell in your browser. Button to launch Azure Cloud Shell.
Select the Cloud Shell button on the menu bar at the upper right in the Azure portal. Screenshot that shows the Cloud Shell button in the Azure portal

To use Azure Cloud Shell:

  1. Start Cloud Shell.

  2. Select the Copy button on a code block (or command block) to copy the code or command.

  3. Paste the code or command into the Cloud Shell session by selecting Ctrl+Shift+V on Windows and Linux, or by selecting Cmd+Shift+V on macOS.

  4. Select Enter to run the code or command.

If you choose to install and use the PowerShell locally, this article requires the Azure PowerShell module version 1.0.0 or later. To find the version, run Get-Module -ListAvailable Az . If you need to upgrade, see Install Azure PowerShell module. If you're running PowerShell locally, you also need to run Login-AzAccount to create a connection with Azure.

Create a resource group

A resource group is a logical container into which Azure resources are deployed and managed. Create an Azure resource group using New-AzResourceGroup.

New-AzResourceGroup -Name myResourceGroupAG -Location eastus

Create network resources

Create the subnet configurations using New-AzVirtualNetworkSubnetConfig. Create the virtual network using New-AzVirtualNetwork with the subnet configurations. And finally, create the public IP address using New-AzPublicIpAddress. These resources are used to provide network connectivity to the application gateway and its associated resources.

$backendSubnetConfig = New-AzVirtualNetworkSubnetConfig `
  -Name myBackendSubnet `
  -AddressPrefix 10.0.1.0/24

$agSubnetConfig = New-AzVirtualNetworkSubnetConfig `
  -Name myAGSubnet `
  -AddressPrefix 10.0.2.0/24

$vnet = New-AzVirtualNetwork `
  -ResourceGroupName myResourceGroupAG `
  -Location eastus `
  -Name myVNet `
  -AddressPrefix 10.0.0.0/16 `
  -Subnet $backendSubnetConfig, $agSubnetConfig

$pip = New-AzPublicIpAddress `
  -ResourceGroupName myResourceGroupAG `
  -Location eastus `
  -Name myAGPublicIPAddress `
  -AllocationMethod Dynamic

Create an application gateway

Create the IP configurations and frontend port

Associate the subnet that you previously created to the application gateway using New-AzApplicationGatewayIPConfiguration. Assign the public IP address to the application gateway using New-AzApplicationGatewayFrontendIPConfig.

$vnet = Get-AzVirtualNetwork `
  -ResourceGroupName myResourceGroupAG `
  -Name myVNet

$subnet=$vnet.Subnets[0]

$gipconfig = New-AzApplicationGatewayIPConfiguration `
  -Name myAGIPConfig `
  -Subnet $subnet

$fipconfig = New-AzApplicationGatewayFrontendIPConfig `
  -Name myAGFrontendIPConfig `
  -PublicIPAddress $pip

$frontendport = New-AzApplicationGatewayFrontendPort `
  -Name myFrontendPort `
  -Port 80

Create the backend pools and settings

Create the first backend address pool for the application gateway using New-AzApplicationGatewayBackendAddressPool. Configure the settings for the pool using New-AzApplicationGatewayBackendHttpSettings.

$contosoPool = New-AzApplicationGatewayBackendAddressPool `
  -Name contosoPool

$fabrikamPool = New-AzApplicationGatewayBackendAddressPool `
  -Name fabrikamPool

$poolSettings = New-AzApplicationGatewayBackendHttpSettings `
  -Name myPoolSettings `
  -Port 80 `
  -Protocol Http `
  -CookieBasedAffinity Enabled `
  -RequestTimeout 120

Create the listeners and rules

Listeners are required to enable the application gateway to route traffic appropriately to the backend address pools. In this article, you create two listeners for your two domains. Listeners are created for the contoso.com and fabrikam.com domains.

Create the first listener using New-AzApplicationGatewayHttpListener with the frontend configuration and frontend port that you previously created. A rule is required for the listener to know which backend pool to use for incoming traffic. Create a basic rule named contosoRule using New-AzApplicationGatewayRequestRoutingRule.

Note

With Application Gateway or WAF v2 SKU, you can also configure up to 5 host names per listener and you can use wildcard characters in the host name. See wildcard host names in listener for more information. To use multiple host names and wildcard characters in a listener using Azure PowerShell, you must use -HostNames instead of -HostName. With HostNames, you can mention up to 5 host names as comma-separated values. For example, -HostNames "*.contoso.com","*.fabrikam.com"

$contosolistener = New-AzApplicationGatewayHttpListener `
  -Name contosoListener `
  -Protocol Http `
  -FrontendIPConfiguration $fipconfig `
  -FrontendPort $frontendport `
  -HostName "www.contoso.com"

$fabrikamlistener = New-AzApplicationGatewayHttpListener `
  -Name fabrikamListener `
  -Protocol Http `
  -FrontendIPConfiguration $fipconfig `
  -FrontendPort $frontendport `
  -HostName "www.fabrikam.com"

$contosoRule = New-AzApplicationGatewayRequestRoutingRule `
  -Name contosoRule `
  -RuleType Basic `
  -HttpListener $contosoListener `
  -BackendAddressPool $contosoPool `
  -BackendHttpSettings $poolSettings

$fabrikamRule = New-AzApplicationGatewayRequestRoutingRule `
  -Name fabrikamRule `
  -RuleType Basic `
  -HttpListener $fabrikamListener `
  -BackendAddressPool $fabrikamPool `
  -BackendHttpSettings $poolSettings

Add priority to routing rules

$contosoRule = New-AzApplicationGatewayRequestRoutingRule `
  -Name wccontosoRule `
  -RuleType Basic `
  -Priority 200 `
  -HttpListener $wccontosoListener `
  -BackendAddressPool $wccontosoPool `
  -BackendHttpSettings $poolSettings

$fabrikamRule = New-AzApplicationGatewayRequestRoutingRule `
  -Name shopcontosoRule `
  -RuleType Basic `
  -Priority 100 `
  -HttpListener $shopcontosoListener `
  -BackendAddressPool $shopcontosoPool `
  -BackendHttpSettings $poolSettings

Create the application gateway

Now that you created the necessary supporting resources, specify parameters for the application gateway using New-AzApplicationGatewaySku, and then create it using New-AzApplicationGateway.

$sku = New-AzApplicationGatewaySku `
  -Name Standard_Medium `
  -Tier Standard `
  -Capacity 2

$appgw = New-AzApplicationGateway `
  -Name myAppGateway `
  -ResourceGroupName myResourceGroupAG `
  -Location eastus `
  -BackendAddressPools $contosoPool, $fabrikamPool `
  -BackendHttpSettingsCollection $poolSettings `
  -FrontendIpConfigurations $fipconfig `
  -GatewayIpConfigurations $gipconfig `
  -FrontendPorts $frontendport `
  -HttpListeners $contosoListener, $fabrikamListener `
  -RequestRoutingRules $contosoRule, $fabrikamRule `
  -Sku $sku

Create virtual machine scale sets

In this example, you create two virtual machine scale sets that support the two backend pools that you created. The scale sets that you create are named myvmss1 and myvmss2. Each scale set contains two virtual machine instances on which you install IIS. You assign the scale set to the backend pool when you configure the IP settings.

$vnet = Get-AzVirtualNetwork `
  -ResourceGroupName myResourceGroupAG `
  -Name myVNet

$appgw = Get-AzApplicationGateway `
  -ResourceGroupName myResourceGroupAG `
  -Name myAppGateway

$contosoPool = Get-AzApplicationGatewayBackendAddressPool `
  -Name contosoPool `
  -ApplicationGateway $appgw

$fabrikamPool = Get-AzApplicationGatewayBackendAddressPool `
  -Name fabrikamPool `
  -ApplicationGateway $appgw

for ($i=1; $i -le 2; $i++)
{
  if ($i -eq 1) 
  {
    $poolId = $contosoPool.Id
  }
  if ($i -eq 2)
  {
    $poolId = $fabrikamPool.Id
  }

  $ipConfig = New-AzVmssIpConfig `
    -Name myVmssIPConfig$i `
    -SubnetId $vnet.Subnets[1].Id `
    -ApplicationGatewayBackendAddressPoolsId $poolId

  $vmssConfig = New-AzVmssConfig `
    -Location eastus `
    -SkuCapacity 2 `
    -SkuName Standard_DS2 `
    -UpgradePolicyMode Automatic

  Set-AzVmssStorageProfile $vmssConfig `
    -ImageReferencePublisher MicrosoftWindowsServer `
    -ImageReferenceOffer WindowsServer `
    -ImageReferenceSku 2016-Datacenter `
    -ImageReferenceVersion latest `
    -OsDiskCreateOption FromImage

  Set-AzVmssOsProfile $vmssConfig `
    -AdminUsername azureuser `
    -AdminPassword "Azure123456!" `
    -ComputerNamePrefix myvmss$i

  Add-AzVmssNetworkInterfaceConfiguration `
    -VirtualMachineScaleSet $vmssConfig `
    -Name myVmssNetConfig$i `
    -Primary $true `
    -IPConfiguration $ipConfig

  New-AzVmss `
    -ResourceGroupName myResourceGroupAG `
    -Name myvmss$i `
    -VirtualMachineScaleSet $vmssConfig
}

Install IIS

$publicSettings = @{ "fileUris" = (,"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Azure/azure-docs-powershell-samples/master/application-gateway/iis/appgatewayurl.ps1"); 
  "commandToExecute" = "powershell -ExecutionPolicy Unrestricted -File appgatewayurl.ps1" }

for ($i=1; $i -le 2; $i++)
{
  $vmss = Get-AzVmss `
    -ResourceGroupName myResourceGroupAG `
    -VMScaleSetName myvmss$i

  Add-AzVmssExtension -VirtualMachineScaleSet $vmss `
    -Name "customScript" `
    -Publisher "Microsoft.Compute" `
    -Type "CustomScriptExtension" `
    -TypeHandlerVersion 1.8 `
    -Setting $publicSettings

  Update-AzVmss `
    -ResourceGroupName myResourceGroupAG `
    -Name myvmss$i `
    -VirtualMachineScaleSet $vmss
}

Create CNAME record in your domain

After the application gateway is created with its public IP address, you can get the DNS address and use it to create a CNAME record in your domain. You can use Get-AzPublicIPAddress to get the DNS address of the application gateway. Copy the fqdn value of the DNSSettings and use it as the value of the CNAME record that you create. Using A-records isn't recommended because the VIP may change when the application gateway is restarted in the V1 SKU.

Get-AzPublicIPAddress -ResourceGroupName myResourceGroupAG -Name myAGPublicIPAddress

Test the application gateway

Enter your domain name into the address bar of your browser. Such as, http://www.contoso.com.

Test contoso site in application gateway

Change the address to your other domain and you should see something like the following example:

Test fabrikam site in application gateway

Clean up resources

When no longer needed, remove the resource group, application gateway, and all related resources using Remove-AzResourceGroup.

Remove-AzResourceGroup -Name myResourceGroupAG

Next steps

Create an application gateway with URL path-based routing rules