Back up and recover controller database

When you deploy Azure Arc data services, the Azure Arc Data Controller is one of the most critical components that is deployed. The functions of the data controller include:

Provision, de-provision and update resources
Orchestrate most of the activities for SQL Managed Instance enabled by Azure Arc such as upgrades, scale out etc.
Capture the billing and usage information of each Arc SQL managed instance.

In order to perform above functions, the Data controller needs to store an inventory of all the current Arc SQL managed instances, billing, usage and the current state of all these SQL managed instances. All this data is stored in a database called controller within the SQL Server instance that is deployed into the controldb-0 pod.

This article explains how to back up the controller database.

Back up data controller database

As part of built-in capabilities, the Data controller database controller is automatically backed up every 5 minutes once backups are enabled. To enable backups:

Create a backups-controldb PersistentVolumeClaim with a storage class that supports ReadWriteMany access:

apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:
  name: backups-controldb
  namespace: <namespace>
spec:
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteMany
  resources:
    requests:
      storage: 15Gi
  storageClassName: <storage-class>

Edit the DataController custom resource spec to include a backups storage definition:

storage:
    backups:
      accessMode: ReadWriteMany
      className: <storage-class>
      size: 15Gi
    data:
      accessMode: ReadWriteOnce
      className: managed-premium
      size: 15Gi
    logs:
      accessMode: ReadWriteOnce
      className: managed-premium
      size: 10Gi

The .bak files for the controller database are stored on the backups volume of the controldb pod at /var/opt/backups/mssql.

Recover controller database

There are two types of recovery possible:

controller is corrupted and you just need to restore the database
the entire storage that contains the controller data and log files is corrupted/gone and you need to recover

Corrupted controller database scenario

In this scenario, all the pods are up and running, you are able to connect to the controldb SQL Server, and there may be a corruption with the controller database. You just need to restore the database from a backup.

Follow these steps to restore the controller database from a backup, if the SQL Server is still up and running on the controldb pod, and you are able to connect to it:

Verify connectivity to SQL Server pod hosting the controller database.
- First, retrieve the credentials for the secret. controller-system-secret is the secret that holds the credentials for the system user account that can be used to connect to the SQL instance. Run the following command to retrieve the secret contents:
```
kubectl get secret controller-system-secret --namespace [namespace] -o yaml
```
  For example:
```
kubectl get secret controller-system-secret --namespace arcdataservices -o yaml
```
- Decode the base64 encoded credentials. The contents of the yaml file of the secret controller-system-secret contain a password and username. You can use any base64 decoder tool to decode the contents of the password.
- Verify connectivity: With the decoded credentials, run a command such as SELECT @@SERVERNAME to verify connectivity to the SQL Server.
```
kubectl exec controldb-0 -n <namespace> -c  mssql-server -- /opt/mssql-tools/bin/sqlcmd -S localhost -U system -P "<password>" -Q "SELECT @@SERVERNAME"
```
```
kubectl exec controldb-0 -n contosons -c  mssql-server -- /opt/mssql-tools/bin/sqlcmd -S localhost -U system -P "<password>" -Q "SELECT @@SERVERNAME"
```

Scale the controller ReplicaSet down to 0 replicas as follows:

kubectl scale --replicas=0 rs/control -n <namespace>`

For example:

kubectl scale --replicas=0 rs/control -n arcdataservices

Connect to the controldb SQL Server as system as described in step 1.
Delete the corrupted controller database using T-SQL:
```
DROP DATABASE controller
```

Restore the database from backup - after the corrupted controllerdb is dropped. For example:

RESTORE DATABASE test FROM DISK = '/var/opt/backups/mssql/<controller backup file>.bak'
WITH MOVE 'controller' to '/var/opt/mssql/data/controller.mdf
,MOVE 'controller' to '/var/opt/mssql/data/controller_log.ldf' 
,RECOVERY;
GO

Scale the controller ReplicaSet back up to 1 replica.

kubectl scale --replicas=1 rs/control -n <namespace>

For example:

kubectl scale --replicas=1 rs/control -n arcdataservices

Corrupted storage scenario

In this scenario, the storage hosting the Data controller data and log files, has corruption and a new storage was provisioned and you need to restore the controller database.

Follow these steps to restore the controller database from a backup with new storage for the controldb StatefulSet:

Ensure that you have a backup of the last known good state of the controller database

Scale the controller ReplicaSet down to 0 replicas as follows:

kubectl scale --replicas=0 rs/control -n <namespace>

For example:

kubectl scale --replicas=0 rs/control -n arcdataservices

Scale the controldb StatefulSet down to 0 replicas, as follows:

kubectl scale --replicas=0 sts/controldb -n <namespace>

For example:

kubectl scale --replicas=0 sts/controldb -n arcdataservices`

Create a kubernetes secret named controller-sa-secret with the following YAML:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  name: controller-sa-secret
  namespace: <namespace>
type: Opaque
data:
  password: <base64 encoded password>

Edit the controldb StatefulSet to include a controller-sa-secret volume and corresponding volume mount (/var/run/secrets/mounts/credentials/mssql-sa-password) in the mssql-server container, by using kubectl edit sts controldb -n <namespace> command.

Create new data (data-controldb) and logs (logs-controldb) persistent volume claims for the controldb pod as follows:

 apiVersion: v1
 kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
 metadata:
   name: data-controldb
   namespace: <namespace>
 spec:
   accessModes:
     - ReadWriteOnce
   resources:
     requests:
       storage: 15Gi
   storageClassName: <storage class>

 ---
 apiVersion: v1
 kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
 metadata:
   name: logs-controldb
   namespace: <namespace>
 spec:
   accessModes:
     - ReadWriteOnce
   resources:
     requests:
       storage: 10Gi
   storageClassName: <storage class>

Scale the controldb StatefulSet back to 1 replica using:

kubectl scale --replicas=1 sts/controldb -n <namespace>

Connect to the controldb SQL server as sa using the password in the controller-sa-secret secret created earlier.
Create a system login with sysadmin role using the password in the controller-system-secret kubernetes secret as follows:
```
CREATE LOGIN [system] WITH PASSWORD = '<password-from-secret>'
ALTER SERVER ROLE sysadmin ADD MEMBER [system]
```
Restore the backup using the RESTORE command as follows:

RESTORE DATABASE [controller] FROM DISK = N'/var/opt/backups/mssql/<controller backup file>.bak' WITH FILE = 1

Create a controldb-rw-user login using the password in the controller-db-rw-secret secret CREATE LOGIN [controldb-rw-user] WITH PASSWORD = '<password-from-secret>' and associate it with the existing controldb-rw-user user in the controller DB ALTER USER [controldb-rw-user] WITH LOGIN = [controldb-rw-user].
Disable the sa login using TSQL - ALTER LOGIN [sa] DISABLE.
Edit the controldb StatefulSet to remove the controller-sa-secret volume and corresponding volume mount.
Delete the controller-sa-secret secret.
Scale the controller ReplicaSet back up to 1 replica using the kubectl scale command.

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Last updated on 2024-09-19

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