Quickstart - Create a default Azure Red Hat OpenShift with hosted control planes cluster (preview)

This article describes how to quickly create an Azure Red Hat OpenShift with hosted control planes (HCP) cluster with default settings by using the Azure CLI or a Bicep template.

Note

This quickstart creates a cluster with default settings. To customize options like API visibility, ingress type, or a private Key Vault, see Create an Azure Red Hat OpenShift with hosted control planes cluster.

The Bicep file defines all of the Azure resources required for the cluster, including the network infrastructure, managed identities, role assignments, cluster configuration, and node pool.

The template deploys a cluster with the following defaults:

  • API server visibility: Public (internet-accessible)
  • Ingress type: Public (internet-accessible application routes)
  • Networking: OVN-Kubernetes with default CIDR ranges
  • Etcd encryption: Platform-managed keys
  • Outbound connectivity: Load balancer
  • FIPS: Disabled
  • Node pool: Two Standard_D8s_v3 worker nodes with 64 GiB StandardSSD_LRS OS disks

The CLI commands create all of the Azure resources required for the cluster, including the network infrastructure, managed identities, role assignments, cluster configuration, and node pool.

The commands deploy a cluster with the following defaults:

  • API server visibility: Public (internet-accessible)
  • Ingress type: Public (internet-accessible application routes)
  • Networking: OVN-Kubernetes with default CIDR ranges
  • Etcd encryption: Platform-managed keys
  • Outbound connectivity: Load balancer
  • Node pool: Two Standard_D8s_v3 worker nodes with 64 GiB StandardSSD_LRS OS disks

Prepare your environment

Before you create the cluster, verify that your Azure environment meets the following requirements.

Azure CLI

Ensure you're using Azure CLI version 2.67.0 or higher. Use az --version to check your installed version. To install or upgrade, see Install Azure CLI.

ARO HCP CLI extension

  1. Download the wheel file for the ARO HCP CLI extension.

  2. Install the extension. Replace <path-to-downloaded-extension.whl> with the path to the downloaded file.

    az extension add --source <path-to-downloaded-extension.whl>
    
  3. Verify that the extension is installed:

    az aro hcp -h
    

Resource quota

Azure Red Hat OpenShift with hosted control planes requires at least 20 cores to create and run a cluster. The default Azure resource quota for a new Azure subscription doesn't meet this requirement. To request an increase in your resource limit, see Standard quota: Increase limits by VM series. Verify that you have enough quota for the VM family you choose from the supported worker node VM sizes.

To check the current quota for the default virtual machine family:

LOCATION=eastus
az vm list-usage -l $LOCATION \
  --query "[?contains(name.value, 'standardDSv5Family')]" -o table

Permissions

You need Contributor and User Access Administrator permissions, or Owner permissions, on the resource group or subscription where you create the cluster. These permissions are required to create the resource group, virtual network, managed identities, and role assignments.

For more information, see Verify your permissions.

Register resource providers

Register the following resource providers in your Azure subscription:

  • Microsoft.RedHatOpenShift
  • Microsoft.Compute
  • Microsoft.Storage
  • Microsoft.Authorization

To check whether a resource provider is registered:

az provider list --query "[?namespace=='Microsoft.RedHatOpenShift'].registrationState" \
  --output table

If you find any resource providers that aren't registered, register them.

az provider register --namespace Microsoft.RedHatOpenShift --wait
az provider register --namespace Microsoft.Compute --wait
az provider register --namespace Microsoft.Storage --wait
az provider register --namespace Microsoft.Authorization --wait

For more information about how to register resource providers, see Register the resource providers.

Set environment variables

Set the following environment variables to define the names of the resources that you create. Replace the placeholder values with your own.

# Azure resource location and subscription
LOCATION="<location>"
SUBSCRIPTION_ID="$(az account show --query id --output tsv)"
CUSTOMER_RG_NAME="<resource-group-name>"

# Network resources
CUSTOMER_NSG="<nsg-name>"
CUSTOMER_VNET_NAME="<vnet-name>"
CUSTOMER_VNET_SUBNET1="<worker-subnet-name>"
CUSTOMER_VNET_INTEGRATION_SUBNET_NAME="<vnet-integration-subnet-name>"

# Cluster and node pool
CLUSTER_NAME="<cluster-name>"
MANAGED_RESOURCE_GROUP="${CLUSTER_NAME}-managed-rg"
NP_NAME="<node-pool-name>"
CLUSTER_VERSION="<major.minor>"    # Example: 4.22
NP_VERSION="<major.minor.patch>"   # Example: 4.22.1

Create a resource group

Create a resource group to hold the cluster resource, virtual network, and managed identities.

az group create \
  --name "${CUSTOMER_RG_NAME}" \
  --subscription "${SUBSCRIPTION_ID}" \
  --location "${LOCATION}"

Create the Bicep file

Create a file named azuredeploy.bicep with the following content. This Bicep template defines all of the resources required to deploy an Azure Red Hat OpenShift with hosted control planes cluster with default settings, including the network security group, virtual network, managed identities, role assignments, cluster, and node pool.

@description('Network Security Group Name')
param customerNsgName string

@description('Virtual Network Name')
param customerVnetName string

@description('Subnet Name')
param customerVnetSubnetName string

@description('Virtual Network Integration Subnet Name')
param customerVirtualNetworkIntegrationSubnetName string

@description('Name of the cluster')
param clusterName string

@description('The cluster managed resource group name')
param managedResourceGroupName string

@description('The name of the node pool')
param nodePoolName string

@description('The OpenShift version for the cluster (X.Y format, e.g. 4.22)')
param clusterVersion string

@description('The OpenShift version for the node pool (X.Y.Z format, e.g. 4.22.1)')
param nodePoolVersion string


var randomSuffix = toLower(uniqueString(clusterName))
var addressPrefix = '10.0.0.0/16'
var subnetPrefix = '10.0.0.0/24'
var virtualNetworkIntegrationSubnetPrefix = '10.0.1.0/24'


// Network Security Group
resource customerNsg 'Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups@2023-05-01' = {
  name: customerNsgName
  location: resourceGroup().location
}

// Virtual network with worker subnet and VNet integration subnet
resource customerVnet 'Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks@2023-05-01' = {
  name: customerVnetName
  location: resourceGroup().location
  properties: {
    addressSpace: {
      addressPrefixes: [
        addressPrefix
      ]
    }
    subnets: [
      {
        name: customerVnetSubnetName
        properties: {
          addressPrefix: subnetPrefix
          networkSecurityGroup: {
            id: customerNsg.id
          }
        }
      }
      {
        name: customerVirtualNetworkIntegrationSubnetName
        properties: {
          addressPrefix: virtualNetworkIntegrationSubnetPrefix
          networkSecurityGroup: {
            id: customerNsg.id
          }
          delegations: [
            {
              name: 'aro-hcp-delegation'
              properties: {
                serviceName: 'Microsoft.RedHatOpenShift/hcpOpenShiftClusters'
              }
            }
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

resource subnet 'Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/subnets@2022-07-01' existing = {
  name: customerVnetSubnetName
  parent: customerVnet
}

resource vnetIntegrationSubnet 'Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/subnets@2022-07-01' existing = {
  name: customerVirtualNetworkIntegrationSubnetName
  parent: customerVnet
}

//
// Control plane identities
//

// Reader
var readerRoleId = subscriptionResourceId(
  'Microsoft.Authorization/roleDefinitions',
  'acdd72a7-3385-48ef-bd42-f606fba81ae7'
)

//
// Cluster API Azure managed identity
//

resource clusterApiAzureMi 'Microsoft.ManagedIdentity/userAssignedIdentities@2023-01-31' = {
  name: '${clusterName}-cp-cluster-api-azure-${randomSuffix}'
  location: resourceGroup().location
}

// Azure Red Hat OpenShift with hosted control planes Cluster API Provider
var hcpClusterApiProviderRoleId = subscriptionResourceId(
  'Microsoft.Authorization/roleDefinitions',
  '88366f10-ed47-4cc0-9fab-c8a06148393e'
)

resource hcpClusterApiProviderRoleSubnetAssignment 'Microsoft.Authorization/roleAssignments@2022-04-01' = {
  name: guid(resourceGroup().id, clusterApiAzureMi.id, hcpClusterApiProviderRoleId, subnet.id)
  scope: subnet
  properties: {
    principalId: clusterApiAzureMi.properties.principalId
    principalType: 'ServicePrincipal'
    roleDefinitionId: hcpClusterApiProviderRoleId
  }
}

resource serviceManagedIdentityReaderOnClusterApiAzureMi 'Microsoft.Authorization/roleAssignments@2022-04-01' = {
  name: guid(resourceGroup().id, serviceManagedIdentity.id, readerRoleId, clusterApiAzureMi.id)
  scope: clusterApiAzureMi
  properties: {
    principalId: serviceManagedIdentity.properties.principalId
    principalType: 'ServicePrincipal'
    roleDefinitionId: readerRoleId
  }
}

//
// Control plane operator managed identity
//

resource controlPlaneMi 'Microsoft.ManagedIdentity/userAssignedIdentities@2023-01-31' = {
  name: '${clusterName}-cp-control-plane-${randomSuffix}'
  location: resourceGroup().location
}

// Azure Red Hat OpenShift with hosted control planes Control Plane Operator
var hcpControlPlaneOperatorRoleId = subscriptionResourceId(
  'Microsoft.Authorization/roleDefinitions',
  'fc0c873f-45e9-4d0d-a7d1-585aab30c6ed'
)

resource hcpControlPlaneOperatorVnetRoleAssignment 'Microsoft.Authorization/roleAssignments@2022-04-01' = {
  name: guid(resourceGroup().id, controlPlaneMi.id, hcpControlPlaneOperatorRoleId, customerVnet.id)
  scope: customerVnet
  properties: {
    principalId: controlPlaneMi.properties.principalId
    principalType: 'ServicePrincipal'
    roleDefinitionId: hcpControlPlaneOperatorRoleId
  }
}

resource hcpControlPlaneOperatorNsgRoleAssignment 'Microsoft.Authorization/roleAssignments@2022-04-01' = {
  name: guid(resourceGroup().id, controlPlaneMi.id, hcpControlPlaneOperatorRoleId, customerNsg.id)
  scope: customerNsg
  properties: {
    principalId: controlPlaneMi.properties.principalId
    principalType: 'ServicePrincipal'
    roleDefinitionId: hcpControlPlaneOperatorRoleId
  }
}

resource serviceManagedIdentityReaderOnControlPlaneMi 'Microsoft.Authorization/roleAssignments@2022-04-01' = {
  name: guid(resourceGroup().id, serviceManagedIdentity.id, readerRoleId, controlPlaneMi.id)
  scope: controlPlaneMi
  properties: {
    principalId: serviceManagedIdentity.properties.principalId
    principalType: 'ServicePrincipal'
    roleDefinitionId: readerRoleId
  }
}

//
// Cloud controller manager managed identity
//

resource cloudControllerManagerMi 'Microsoft.ManagedIdentity/userAssignedIdentities@2023-01-31' = {
  name: '${clusterName}-cp-cloud-controller-manager-${randomSuffix}'
  location: resourceGroup().location
}

// Azure Red Hat OpenShift Cloud Controller Manager
var cloudControllerManagerRoleId = subscriptionResourceId(
  'Microsoft.Authorization/roleDefinitions',
  'a1f96423-95ce-4224-ab27-4e3dc72facd4'
)

resource cloudControllerManagerRoleSubnetAssignment 'Microsoft.Authorization/roleAssignments@2022-04-01' = {
  name: guid(resourceGroup().id, cloudControllerManagerMi.id, cloudControllerManagerRoleId, subnet.id)
  scope: subnet
  properties: {
    principalId: cloudControllerManagerMi.properties.principalId
    principalType: 'ServicePrincipal'
    roleDefinitionId: cloudControllerManagerRoleId
  }
}

resource cloudControllerManagerRoleNsgAssignment 'Microsoft.Authorization/roleAssignments@2022-04-01' = {
  name: guid(resourceGroup().id, cloudControllerManagerMi.id, cloudControllerManagerRoleId, customerNsg.id)
  scope: customerNsg
  properties: {
    principalId: cloudControllerManagerMi.properties.principalId
    principalType: 'ServicePrincipal'
    roleDefinitionId: cloudControllerManagerRoleId
  }
}

resource serviceManagedIdentityReaderOnCloudControllerManagerMi 'Microsoft.Authorization/roleAssignments@2022-04-01' = {
  name: guid(resourceGroup().id, serviceManagedIdentity.id, readerRoleId, cloudControllerManagerMi.id)
  scope: cloudControllerManagerMi
  properties: {
    principalId: serviceManagedIdentity.properties.principalId
    principalType: 'ServicePrincipal'
    roleDefinitionId: readerRoleId
  }
}

//
// Ingress managed identity
//

resource ingressMi 'Microsoft.ManagedIdentity/userAssignedIdentities@2023-01-31' = {
  name: '${clusterName}-cp-ingress-${randomSuffix}'
  location: resourceGroup().location
}

// Azure Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Ingress Operator
var ingressOperatorRoleId = subscriptionResourceId(
  'Microsoft.Authorization/roleDefinitions',
  '0336e1d3-7a87-462b-b6db-342b63f7802c'
)

resource ingressOperatorRoleSubnetAssignment 'Microsoft.Authorization/roleAssignments@2022-04-01' = {
  name: guid(resourceGroup().id, ingressMi.id, ingressOperatorRoleId, subnet.id)
  scope: subnet
  properties: {
    principalId: ingressMi.properties.principalId
    principalType: 'ServicePrincipal'
    roleDefinitionId: ingressOperatorRoleId
  }
}

resource serviceManagedIdentityReaderOnIngressMi 'Microsoft.Authorization/roleAssignments@2022-04-01' = {
  name: guid(resourceGroup().id, serviceManagedIdentity.id, readerRoleId, ingressMi.id)
  scope: ingressMi
  properties: {
    principalId: serviceManagedIdentity.properties.principalId
    principalType: 'ServicePrincipal'
    roleDefinitionId: readerRoleId
  }
}

//
// Disk CSI driver managed identity
//

resource diskCsiDriverMi 'Microsoft.ManagedIdentity/userAssignedIdentities@2023-01-31' = {
  name: '${clusterName}-cp-disk-csi-driver-${randomSuffix}'
  location: resourceGroup().location
}

resource serviceManagedIdentityReaderOnDiskCsiDriverMi 'Microsoft.Authorization/roleAssignments@2022-04-01' = {
  name: guid(resourceGroup().id, serviceManagedIdentity.id, readerRoleId, diskCsiDriverMi.id)
  scope: diskCsiDriverMi
  properties: {
    principalId: serviceManagedIdentity.properties.principalId
    principalType: 'ServicePrincipal'
    roleDefinitionId: readerRoleId
  }
}

//
// File CSI driver managed identity
//

resource fileCsiDriverMi 'Microsoft.ManagedIdentity/userAssignedIdentities@2023-01-31' = {
  name: '${clusterName}-cp-file-csi-driver-${randomSuffix}'
  location: resourceGroup().location
}

// Azure Red Hat OpenShift File Storage Operator
var fileStorageOperatorRoleId = subscriptionResourceId(
  'Microsoft.Authorization/roleDefinitions',
  '0d7aedc0-15fd-4a67-a412-efad370c947e'
)

resource fileStorageOperatorRoleSubnetAssignment 'Microsoft.Authorization/roleAssignments@2022-04-01' = {
  name: guid(resourceGroup().id, fileCsiDriverMi.id, fileStorageOperatorRoleId, subnet.id)
  scope: subnet
  properties: {
    principalId: fileCsiDriverMi.properties.principalId
    principalType: 'ServicePrincipal'
    roleDefinitionId: fileStorageOperatorRoleId
  }
}

resource fileStorageOperatorRoleNsgAssignment 'Microsoft.Authorization/roleAssignments@2022-04-01' = {
  name: guid(resourceGroup().id, fileCsiDriverMi.id, fileStorageOperatorRoleId, customerNsg.id)
  scope: customerNsg
  properties: {
    principalId: fileCsiDriverMi.properties.principalId
    principalType: 'ServicePrincipal'
    roleDefinitionId: fileStorageOperatorRoleId
  }
}

resource serviceManagedIdentityReaderOnFileCsiDriverMi 'Microsoft.Authorization/roleAssignments@2022-04-01' = {
  name: guid(resourceGroup().id, serviceManagedIdentity.id, readerRoleId, fileCsiDriverMi.id)
  scope: fileCsiDriverMi
  properties: {
    principalId: serviceManagedIdentity.properties.principalId
    principalType: 'ServicePrincipal'
    roleDefinitionId: readerRoleId
  }
}

//
// Image registry managed identity
//

resource imageRegistryMi 'Microsoft.ManagedIdentity/userAssignedIdentities@2023-01-31' = {
  name: '${clusterName}-cp-image-registry-${randomSuffix}'
  location: resourceGroup().location
}

resource serviceManagedIdentityReaderOnImageRegistryMi 'Microsoft.Authorization/roleAssignments@2022-04-01' = {
  name: guid(resourceGroup().id, serviceManagedIdentity.id, readerRoleId, imageRegistryMi.id)
  scope: imageRegistryMi
  properties: {
    principalId: serviceManagedIdentity.properties.principalId
    principalType: 'ServicePrincipal'
    roleDefinitionId: readerRoleId
  }
}

//
// Cloud network config managed identity
//

resource cloudNetworkConfigMi 'Microsoft.ManagedIdentity/userAssignedIdentities@2023-01-31' = {
  name: '${clusterName}-cp-cloud-network-config-${randomSuffix}'
  location: resourceGroup().location
}

// Azure Red Hat OpenShift Network Operator
var networkOperatorRoleId = subscriptionResourceId(
  'Microsoft.Authorization/roleDefinitions',
  'be7a6435-15ae-4171-8f30-4a343eff9e8f'
)

resource networkOperatorRoleSubnetAssignment 'Microsoft.Authorization/roleAssignments@2022-04-01' = {
  name: guid(resourceGroup().id, cloudNetworkConfigMi.id, networkOperatorRoleId, subnet.id)
  scope: subnet
  properties: {
    principalId: cloudNetworkConfigMi.properties.principalId
    principalType: 'ServicePrincipal'
    roleDefinitionId: networkOperatorRoleId
  }
}

resource networkOperatorRoleVnetAssignment 'Microsoft.Authorization/roleAssignments@2022-04-01' = {
  name: guid(resourceGroup().id, cloudNetworkConfigMi.id, networkOperatorRoleId, customerVnet.id)
  scope: customerVnet
  properties: {
    principalId: cloudNetworkConfigMi.properties.principalId
    principalType: 'ServicePrincipal'
    roleDefinitionId: networkOperatorRoleId
  }
}

resource serviceManagedIdentityReaderOnCloudNetworkMi 'Microsoft.Authorization/roleAssignments@2022-04-01' = {
  name: guid(resourceGroup().id, serviceManagedIdentity.id, readerRoleId, cloudNetworkConfigMi.id)
  scope: cloudNetworkConfigMi
  properties: {
    principalId: serviceManagedIdentity.properties.principalId
    principalType: 'ServicePrincipal'
    roleDefinitionId: readerRoleId
  }
}

//
// Data plane identities
//

// Azure Red Hat OpenShift Federated Credential
var federatedCredentialsRoleId = subscriptionResourceId(
  'Microsoft.Authorization/roleDefinitions',
  'ef318e2a-8334-4a05-9e4a-295a196c6a6e'
)

resource dpDiskCsiDriverMi 'Microsoft.ManagedIdentity/userAssignedIdentities@2023-01-31' = {
  name: '${clusterName}-dp-disk-csi-driver-${randomSuffix}'
  location: resourceGroup().location
}

resource dpDiskCsiDriverMiFederatedCredentialsRoleAssignment 'Microsoft.Authorization/roleAssignments@2022-04-01' = {
  name: guid(resourceGroup().id, dpDiskCsiDriverMi.id, federatedCredentialsRoleId)
  scope: dpDiskCsiDriverMi
  properties: {
    principalId: serviceManagedIdentity.properties.principalId
    principalType: 'ServicePrincipal'
    roleDefinitionId: federatedCredentialsRoleId
  }
}

resource dpFileCsiDriverMi 'Microsoft.ManagedIdentity/userAssignedIdentities@2023-01-31' = {
  name: '${clusterName}-dp-file-csi-driver-${randomSuffix}'
  location: resourceGroup().location
}

resource dpFileCsiDriverMiFederatedCredentialsRoleAssignment 'Microsoft.Authorization/roleAssignments@2022-04-01' = {
  name: guid(resourceGroup().id, dpFileCsiDriverMi.id, federatedCredentialsRoleId)
  scope: dpFileCsiDriverMi
  properties: {
    principalId: serviceManagedIdentity.properties.principalId
    principalType: 'ServicePrincipal'
    roleDefinitionId: federatedCredentialsRoleId
  }
}

resource dpFileCsiDriverFileStorageOperatorRoleSubnetAssignment 'Microsoft.Authorization/roleAssignments@2022-04-01' = {
  name: guid(resourceGroup().id, dpFileCsiDriverMi.id, fileStorageOperatorRoleId, subnet.id)
  scope: subnet
  properties: {
    principalId: dpFileCsiDriverMi.properties.principalId
    principalType: 'ServicePrincipal'
    roleDefinitionId: fileStorageOperatorRoleId
  }
}

resource dpFileCsiDriverFileStorageOperatorRoleNsgAssignment 'Microsoft.Authorization/roleAssignments@2022-04-01' = {
  name: guid(resourceGroup().id, dpFileCsiDriverMi.id, fileStorageOperatorRoleId, customerNsg.id)
  scope: customerNsg
  properties: {
    principalId: dpFileCsiDriverMi.properties.principalId
    principalType: 'ServicePrincipal'
    roleDefinitionId: fileStorageOperatorRoleId
  }
}

resource dpImageRegistryMi 'Microsoft.ManagedIdentity/userAssignedIdentities@2023-01-31' = {
  name: '${clusterName}-dp-image-registry-${randomSuffix}'
  location: resourceGroup().location
}

resource dpImageRegistryMiFederatedCredentialsRoleAssignment 'Microsoft.Authorization/roleAssignments@2022-04-01' = {
  name: guid(resourceGroup().id, dpImageRegistryMi.id, federatedCredentialsRoleId)
  scope: dpImageRegistryMi
  properties: {
    principalId: serviceManagedIdentity.properties.principalId
    principalType: 'ServicePrincipal'
    roleDefinitionId: federatedCredentialsRoleId
  }
}

//
// Service managed identity
//

resource serviceManagedIdentity 'Microsoft.ManagedIdentity/userAssignedIdentities@2023-01-31' = {
  name: '${clusterName}-service-managed-identity-${randomSuffix}'
  location: resourceGroup().location
}

// Azure Red Hat OpenShift with hosted control planes Service Managed Identity
var hcpServiceManagedIdentityRoleId = subscriptionResourceId(
  'Microsoft.Authorization/roleDefinitions',
  'c0ff367d-66d8-445e-917c-583feb0ef0d4'
)

resource serviceManagedIdentityRoleAssignmentVnet 'Microsoft.Authorization/roleAssignments@2022-04-01' = {
  name: guid(resourceGroup().id, serviceManagedIdentity.id, hcpServiceManagedIdentityRoleId, customerVnet.id)
  scope: customerVnet
  properties: {
    principalId: serviceManagedIdentity.properties.principalId
    principalType: 'ServicePrincipal'
    roleDefinitionId: hcpServiceManagedIdentityRoleId
  }
}

resource serviceManagedIdentityRoleAssignmentNSG 'Microsoft.Authorization/roleAssignments@2022-04-01' = {
  name: guid(resourceGroup().id, serviceManagedIdentity.id, hcpServiceManagedIdentityRoleId, customerNsg.id)
  scope: customerNsg
  properties: {
    principalId: serviceManagedIdentity.properties.principalId
    principalType: 'ServicePrincipal'
    roleDefinitionId: hcpServiceManagedIdentityRoleId
  }
}


// Cluster resource
resource hcp 'Microsoft.RedHatOpenShift/hcpOpenShiftClusters@2026-09-01-preview' = {
  name: clusterName
  location: resourceGroup().location
  properties: {
    version: {
      id: clusterVersion
      channelGroup: 'stable'
    }
    dns: {}
    network: {
      networkType: 'OVNKubernetes'
      podCidr: '10.128.0.0/14'
      serviceCidr: '172.30.0.0/16'
      machineCidr: '10.0.0.0/16'
      hostPrefix: 23
    }
    api: {
      visibility: 'Public'
    }
    ingress: {
      type: 'Public'
    }
    cryptoRestrictions: 'None'
    clusterImageRegistry: {
      state: 'Enabled'
    }
    platform: {
      managedResourceGroup: managedResourceGroupName
      subnetId: subnet.id
      vnetIntegrationSubnetId: vnetIntegrationSubnet.id
      outboundType: 'LoadBalancer'
      networkSecurityGroupId: customerNsg.id
      operatorsAuthentication: {
        userAssignedIdentities: {
          controlPlaneOperators: {
            'cluster-api-azure': clusterApiAzureMi.id
            'control-plane': controlPlaneMi.id
            'cloud-controller-manager': cloudControllerManagerMi.id
            ingress: ingressMi.id
            'disk-csi-driver': diskCsiDriverMi.id
            'file-csi-driver': fileCsiDriverMi.id
            'image-registry': imageRegistryMi.id
            'cloud-network-config': cloudNetworkConfigMi.id
          }
          dataPlaneOperators: {
            'disk-csi-driver': dpDiskCsiDriverMi.id
            'file-csi-driver': dpFileCsiDriverMi.id
            'image-registry': dpImageRegistryMi.id
          }
          serviceManagedIdentity: serviceManagedIdentity.id
        }
      }
    }
  }
  identity: {
    type: 'UserAssigned'
    userAssignedIdentities: {
      '${serviceManagedIdentity.id}': {}
      '${clusterApiAzureMi.id}': {}
      '${controlPlaneMi.id}': {}
      '${cloudControllerManagerMi.id}': {}
      '${ingressMi.id}': {}
      '${diskCsiDriverMi.id}': {}
      '${fileCsiDriverMi.id}': {}
      '${imageRegistryMi.id}': {}
      '${cloudNetworkConfigMi.id}': {}
    }
  }
  dependsOn: [
    hcpClusterApiProviderRoleSubnetAssignment
    hcpControlPlaneOperatorVnetRoleAssignment
    hcpControlPlaneOperatorNsgRoleAssignment
    cloudControllerManagerRoleSubnetAssignment
    cloudControllerManagerRoleNsgAssignment
    ingressOperatorRoleSubnetAssignment
    fileStorageOperatorRoleSubnetAssignment
    fileStorageOperatorRoleNsgAssignment
    networkOperatorRoleSubnetAssignment
    networkOperatorRoleVnetAssignment
    dpDiskCsiDriverMiFederatedCredentialsRoleAssignment
    dpFileCsiDriverMiFederatedCredentialsRoleAssignment
    dpImageRegistryMiFederatedCredentialsRoleAssignment
    serviceManagedIdentityRoleAssignmentVnet
    serviceManagedIdentityRoleAssignmentNSG
    dpFileCsiDriverFileStorageOperatorRoleSubnetAssignment
    dpFileCsiDriverFileStorageOperatorRoleNsgAssignment
    serviceManagedIdentityReaderOnControlPlaneMi
    serviceManagedIdentityReaderOnCloudControllerManagerMi
    serviceManagedIdentityReaderOnIngressMi
    serviceManagedIdentityReaderOnDiskCsiDriverMi
    serviceManagedIdentityReaderOnFileCsiDriverMi
    serviceManagedIdentityReaderOnImageRegistryMi
    serviceManagedIdentityReaderOnCloudNetworkMi
    serviceManagedIdentityReaderOnClusterApiAzureMi
  ]
}

// Node pool resource
resource nodepool 'Microsoft.RedHatOpenShift/hcpOpenShiftClusters/nodePools@2026-09-01-preview' = {
  parent: hcp
  name: nodePoolName
  location: resourceGroup().location
  properties: {
    version: {
      id: nodePoolVersion
      channelGroup: 'stable'
    }
    platform: {
      subnetId: hcp.properties.platform.subnetId
      vmSize: 'Standard_D8s_v3'
      osDisk: {
        sizeGiB: 64
        diskStorageAccountType: 'StandardSSD_LRS'
      }
    }
    replicas: 2
  }
}

Deploy the Bicep file

Deploy the Bicep template to create the cluster and all required resources.

az deployment group create \
  --name 'aro-hcp' \
  --subscription "${SUBSCRIPTION_ID}" \
  --resource-group "${CUSTOMER_RG_NAME}" \
  --template-file azuredeploy.bicep \
  --parameters \
    customerNsgName="${CUSTOMER_NSG}" \
    customerVnetName="${CUSTOMER_VNET_NAME}" \
    customerVirtualNetworkIntegrationSubnetName="${CUSTOMER_VNET_INTEGRATION_SUBNET_NAME}" \
    customerVnetSubnetName="${CUSTOMER_VNET_SUBNET1}" \
    clusterName="${CLUSTER_NAME}" \
    managedResourceGroupName="${MANAGED_RESOURCE_GROUP}" \
    nodePoolName="${NP_NAME}" \
    clusterVersion="${CLUSTER_VERSION}" \
    nodePoolVersion="${NP_VERSION}"

The deployment typically takes 15 to 20 minutes to complete.

Verify the deployment

After the deployment finishes, verify that the cluster and node pool were created successfully.

  1. Verify that the cluster was created successfully.

    az aro hcp cluster show \
      --name "${CLUSTER_NAME}" \
      --resource-group "${CUSTOMER_RG_NAME}" \
      --query "properties.provisioningState" \
      --output tsv
    

    When the cluster is ready, the output is Succeeded.

  2. Verify that the node pool was created successfully.

    az aro hcp cluster nodepool show \
      --cluster-name "${CLUSTER_NAME}" \
      --name "${NP_NAME}" \
      --resource-group "${CUSTOMER_RG_NAME}" \
      --query "properties.provisioningState" \
      --output tsv
    

    When the node pool is ready, the output is Succeeded.

Create the network infrastructure

Create a network security group, a virtual network with a worker subnet, and a VNet integration subnet with delegation.

  1. Create the network security group.

    az network nsg create \
      --name "${CUSTOMER_NSG}" \
      --resource-group "${CUSTOMER_RG_NAME}" \
      --location "${LOCATION}"
    
  2. Create the virtual network with the worker subnet.

    az network vnet create \
      --name "${CUSTOMER_VNET_NAME}" \
      --resource-group "${CUSTOMER_RG_NAME}" \
      --location "${LOCATION}" \
      --address-prefixes 10.0.0.0/16 \
      --subnet-name "${CUSTOMER_VNET_SUBNET1}" \
      --subnet-prefixes 10.0.0.0/24 \
      --nsg "${CUSTOMER_NSG}"
    
  3. Create the VNet integration subnet with the required delegation.

    az network vnet subnet create \
      --name "${CUSTOMER_VNET_INTEGRATION_SUBNET_NAME}" \
      --vnet-name "${CUSTOMER_VNET_NAME}" \
      --resource-group "${CUSTOMER_RG_NAME}" \
      --address-prefixes 10.0.1.0/24 \
      --network-security-group "${CUSTOMER_NSG}" \
      --delegations Microsoft.RedHatOpenShift/hcpOpenShiftClusters
    
  4. Get the resource IDs for the networking resources.

    NSG_ID=$(az network nsg show \
      --name "${CUSTOMER_NSG}" \
      --resource-group "${CUSTOMER_RG_NAME}" \
      --query id --output tsv)
    
    SUBNET_ID=$(az network vnet subnet show \
      --name "${CUSTOMER_VNET_SUBNET1}" \
      --vnet-name "${CUSTOMER_VNET_NAME}" \
      --resource-group "${CUSTOMER_RG_NAME}" \
      --query id --output tsv)
    
    VNET_ID=$(az network vnet show \
      --name "${CUSTOMER_VNET_NAME}" \
      --resource-group "${CUSTOMER_RG_NAME}" \
      --query id --output tsv)
    
    VNET_INTEGRATION_SUBNET_ID=$(az network vnet subnet show \
      --name "${CUSTOMER_VNET_INTEGRATION_SUBNET_NAME}" \
      --vnet-name "${CUSTOMER_VNET_NAME}" \
      --resource-group "${CUSTOMER_RG_NAME}" \
      --query id --output tsv)
    

Create the managed identities

Create the user-assigned managed identities for the cluster operators and the service managed identity. For a description of each identity and its purpose, see Required managed identities and role assignments.

# Control plane operator identities
az identity create --name "${CLUSTER_NAME}-cp-cluster-api-azure" --resource-group "${CUSTOMER_RG_NAME}"
az identity create --name "${CLUSTER_NAME}-cp-control-plane" --resource-group "${CUSTOMER_RG_NAME}"
az identity create --name "${CLUSTER_NAME}-cp-cloud-controller-manager" --resource-group "${CUSTOMER_RG_NAME}"
az identity create --name "${CLUSTER_NAME}-cp-ingress" --resource-group "${CUSTOMER_RG_NAME}"
az identity create --name "${CLUSTER_NAME}-cp-disk-csi-driver" --resource-group "${CUSTOMER_RG_NAME}"
az identity create --name "${CLUSTER_NAME}-cp-file-csi-driver" --resource-group "${CUSTOMER_RG_NAME}"
az identity create --name "${CLUSTER_NAME}-cp-image-registry" --resource-group "${CUSTOMER_RG_NAME}"
az identity create --name "${CLUSTER_NAME}-cp-cloud-network-config" --resource-group "${CUSTOMER_RG_NAME}"

# Data plane operator identities
az identity create --name "${CLUSTER_NAME}-dp-disk-csi-driver" --resource-group "${CUSTOMER_RG_NAME}"
az identity create --name "${CLUSTER_NAME}-dp-file-csi-driver" --resource-group "${CUSTOMER_RG_NAME}"
az identity create --name "${CLUSTER_NAME}-dp-image-registry" --resource-group "${CUSTOMER_RG_NAME}"

# Service managed identity
az identity create --name "${CLUSTER_NAME}-service-managed-identity" --resource-group "${CUSTOMER_RG_NAME}"

Get the resource IDs and principal IDs for the managed identities.

# Control plane identity resource IDs and principal IDs
CLUSTER_API_AZURE_MI_ID=$(az identity show --name "${CLUSTER_NAME}-cp-cluster-api-azure" --resource-group "${CUSTOMER_RG_NAME}" --query id --output tsv)
CLUSTER_API_AZURE_MI_PID=$(az identity show --name "${CLUSTER_NAME}-cp-cluster-api-azure" --resource-group "${CUSTOMER_RG_NAME}" --query principalId --output tsv)

CONTROL_PLANE_MI_ID=$(az identity show --name "${CLUSTER_NAME}-cp-control-plane" --resource-group "${CUSTOMER_RG_NAME}" --query id --output tsv)
CONTROL_PLANE_MI_PID=$(az identity show --name "${CLUSTER_NAME}-cp-control-plane" --resource-group "${CUSTOMER_RG_NAME}" --query principalId --output tsv)

CLOUD_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_MI_ID=$(az identity show --name "${CLUSTER_NAME}-cp-cloud-controller-manager" --resource-group "${CUSTOMER_RG_NAME}" --query id --output tsv)
CLOUD_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_MI_PID=$(az identity show --name "${CLUSTER_NAME}-cp-cloud-controller-manager" --resource-group "${CUSTOMER_RG_NAME}" --query principalId --output tsv)

INGRESS_MI_ID=$(az identity show --name "${CLUSTER_NAME}-cp-ingress" --resource-group "${CUSTOMER_RG_NAME}" --query id --output tsv)
INGRESS_MI_PID=$(az identity show --name "${CLUSTER_NAME}-cp-ingress" --resource-group "${CUSTOMER_RG_NAME}" --query principalId --output tsv)

DISK_CSI_DRIVER_MI_ID=$(az identity show --name "${CLUSTER_NAME}-cp-disk-csi-driver" --resource-group "${CUSTOMER_RG_NAME}" --query id --output tsv)

FILE_CSI_DRIVER_MI_ID=$(az identity show --name "${CLUSTER_NAME}-cp-file-csi-driver" --resource-group "${CUSTOMER_RG_NAME}" --query id --output tsv)
FILE_CSI_DRIVER_MI_PID=$(az identity show --name "${CLUSTER_NAME}-cp-file-csi-driver" --resource-group "${CUSTOMER_RG_NAME}" --query principalId --output tsv)

IMAGE_REGISTRY_MI_ID=$(az identity show --name "${CLUSTER_NAME}-cp-image-registry" --resource-group "${CUSTOMER_RG_NAME}" --query id --output tsv)

CLOUD_NETWORK_CONFIG_MI_ID=$(az identity show --name "${CLUSTER_NAME}-cp-cloud-network-config" --resource-group "${CUSTOMER_RG_NAME}" --query id --output tsv)
CLOUD_NETWORK_CONFIG_MI_PID=$(az identity show --name "${CLUSTER_NAME}-cp-cloud-network-config" --resource-group "${CUSTOMER_RG_NAME}" --query principalId --output tsv)

# Data plane identity resource IDs and principal IDs
DP_DISK_CSI_DRIVER_MI_ID=$(az identity show --name "${CLUSTER_NAME}-dp-disk-csi-driver" --resource-group "${CUSTOMER_RG_NAME}" --query id --output tsv)

DP_FILE_CSI_DRIVER_MI_ID=$(az identity show --name "${CLUSTER_NAME}-dp-file-csi-driver" --resource-group "${CUSTOMER_RG_NAME}" --query id --output tsv)
DP_FILE_CSI_DRIVER_MI_PID=$(az identity show --name "${CLUSTER_NAME}-dp-file-csi-driver" --resource-group "${CUSTOMER_RG_NAME}" --query principalId --output tsv)

DP_IMAGE_REGISTRY_MI_ID=$(az identity show --name "${CLUSTER_NAME}-dp-image-registry" --resource-group "${CUSTOMER_RG_NAME}" --query id --output tsv)

# Service managed identity resource ID and principal ID
SERVICE_MI_ID=$(az identity show --name "${CLUSTER_NAME}-service-managed-identity" --resource-group "${CUSTOMER_RG_NAME}" --query id --output tsv)
SERVICE_MI_PID=$(az identity show --name "${CLUSTER_NAME}-service-managed-identity" --resource-group "${CUSTOMER_RG_NAME}" --query principalId --output tsv)

Create the role assignments

Assign the required Azure roles to each managed identity. For a detailed description of each identity and its required role assignments, see Required managed identities and role assignments.

  1. Set the role definition GUIDs.

    READER_ROLE="acdd72a7-3385-48ef-bd42-f606fba81ae7"
    HCP_CLUSTER_API_PROVIDER_ROLE="88366f10-ed47-4cc0-9fab-c8a06148393e"
    HCP_CONTROL_PLANE_OPERATOR_ROLE="fc0c873f-45e9-4d0d-a7d1-585aab30c6ed"
    CLOUD_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_ROLE="a1f96423-95ce-4224-ab27-4e3dc72facd4"
    INGRESS_OPERATOR_ROLE="0336e1d3-7a87-462b-b6db-342b63f7802c"
    FILE_STORAGE_OPERATOR_ROLE="0d7aedc0-15fd-4a67-a412-efad370c947e"
    NETWORK_OPERATOR_ROLE="be7a6435-15ae-4171-8f30-4a343eff9e8f"
    FEDERATED_CREDENTIAL_ROLE="ef318e2a-8334-4a05-9e4a-295a196c6a6e"
    HCP_SERVICE_MI_ROLE="c0ff367d-66d8-445e-917c-583feb0ef0d4"
    
  2. Assign control plane operator roles.

    # Cluster API Azure → ARO HCP Cluster API Provider on worker subnet
    az role assignment create --assignee-object-id "${CLUSTER_API_AZURE_MI_PID}" --assignee-principal-type ServicePrincipal --role "${HCP_CLUSTER_API_PROVIDER_ROLE}" --scope "${SUBNET_ID}"
    
    # Control Plane → ARO HCP Control Plane Operator on VNet and NSG
    az role assignment create --assignee-object-id "${CONTROL_PLANE_MI_PID}" --assignee-principal-type ServicePrincipal --role "${HCP_CONTROL_PLANE_OPERATOR_ROLE}" --scope "${VNET_ID}"
    az role assignment create --assignee-object-id "${CONTROL_PLANE_MI_PID}" --assignee-principal-type ServicePrincipal --role "${HCP_CONTROL_PLANE_OPERATOR_ROLE}" --scope "${NSG_ID}"
    
    # Cloud Controller Manager → ARO Cloud Controller Manager on worker subnet and NSG
    az role assignment create --assignee-object-id "${CLOUD_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_MI_PID}" --assignee-principal-type ServicePrincipal --role "${CLOUD_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_ROLE}" --scope "${SUBNET_ID}"
    az role assignment create --assignee-object-id "${CLOUD_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_MI_PID}" --assignee-principal-type ServicePrincipal --role "${CLOUD_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_ROLE}" --scope "${NSG_ID}"
    
    # Ingress → ARO Cluster Ingress Operator on worker subnet
    az role assignment create --assignee-object-id "${INGRESS_MI_PID}" --assignee-principal-type ServicePrincipal --role "${INGRESS_OPERATOR_ROLE}" --scope "${SUBNET_ID}"
    
    # File CSI Driver → ARO File Storage Operator on worker subnet and NSG
    az role assignment create --assignee-object-id "${FILE_CSI_DRIVER_MI_PID}" --assignee-principal-type ServicePrincipal --role "${FILE_STORAGE_OPERATOR_ROLE}" --scope "${SUBNET_ID}"
    az role assignment create --assignee-object-id "${FILE_CSI_DRIVER_MI_PID}" --assignee-principal-type ServicePrincipal --role "${FILE_STORAGE_OPERATOR_ROLE}" --scope "${NSG_ID}"
    
    # Cloud Network Config → ARO Network Operator on worker subnet and VNet
    az role assignment create --assignee-object-id "${CLOUD_NETWORK_CONFIG_MI_PID}" --assignee-principal-type ServicePrincipal --role "${NETWORK_OPERATOR_ROLE}" --scope "${SUBNET_ID}"
    az role assignment create --assignee-object-id "${CLOUD_NETWORK_CONFIG_MI_PID}" --assignee-principal-type ServicePrincipal --role "${NETWORK_OPERATOR_ROLE}" --scope "${VNET_ID}"
    
  3. Assign service managed identity roles.

    # Service MI → ARO HCP Service Managed Identity on VNet and NSG
    az role assignment create --assignee-object-id "${SERVICE_MI_PID}" --assignee-principal-type ServicePrincipal --role "${HCP_SERVICE_MI_ROLE}" --scope "${VNET_ID}"
    az role assignment create --assignee-object-id "${SERVICE_MI_PID}" --assignee-principal-type ServicePrincipal --role "${HCP_SERVICE_MI_ROLE}" --scope "${NSG_ID}"
    
    # Service MI → Reader on each control plane identity
    az role assignment create --assignee-object-id "${SERVICE_MI_PID}" --assignee-principal-type ServicePrincipal --role "${READER_ROLE}" --scope "${CLUSTER_API_AZURE_MI_ID}"
    az role assignment create --assignee-object-id "${SERVICE_MI_PID}" --assignee-principal-type ServicePrincipal --role "${READER_ROLE}" --scope "${CONTROL_PLANE_MI_ID}"
    az role assignment create --assignee-object-id "${SERVICE_MI_PID}" --assignee-principal-type ServicePrincipal --role "${READER_ROLE}" --scope "${CLOUD_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_MI_ID}"
    az role assignment create --assignee-object-id "${SERVICE_MI_PID}" --assignee-principal-type ServicePrincipal --role "${READER_ROLE}" --scope "${INGRESS_MI_ID}"
    az role assignment create --assignee-object-id "${SERVICE_MI_PID}" --assignee-principal-type ServicePrincipal --role "${READER_ROLE}" --scope "${DISK_CSI_DRIVER_MI_ID}"
    az role assignment create --assignee-object-id "${SERVICE_MI_PID}" --assignee-principal-type ServicePrincipal --role "${READER_ROLE}" --scope "${FILE_CSI_DRIVER_MI_ID}"
    az role assignment create --assignee-object-id "${SERVICE_MI_PID}" --assignee-principal-type ServicePrincipal --role "${READER_ROLE}" --scope "${IMAGE_REGISTRY_MI_ID}"
    az role assignment create --assignee-object-id "${SERVICE_MI_PID}" --assignee-principal-type ServicePrincipal --role "${READER_ROLE}" --scope "${CLOUD_NETWORK_CONFIG_MI_ID}"
    
  4. Assign data plane operator roles.

    # Service MI → ARO Federated Credential on each data plane identity
    az role assignment create --assignee-object-id "${SERVICE_MI_PID}" --assignee-principal-type ServicePrincipal --role "${FEDERATED_CREDENTIAL_ROLE}" --scope "${DP_DISK_CSI_DRIVER_MI_ID}"
    az role assignment create --assignee-object-id "${SERVICE_MI_PID}" --assignee-principal-type ServicePrincipal --role "${FEDERATED_CREDENTIAL_ROLE}" --scope "${DP_FILE_CSI_DRIVER_MI_ID}"
    az role assignment create --assignee-object-id "${SERVICE_MI_PID}" --assignee-principal-type ServicePrincipal --role "${FEDERATED_CREDENTIAL_ROLE}" --scope "${DP_IMAGE_REGISTRY_MI_ID}"
    
    # Data Plane File CSI Driver → ARO File Storage Operator on worker subnet and NSG
    az role assignment create --assignee-object-id "${DP_FILE_CSI_DRIVER_MI_PID}" --assignee-principal-type ServicePrincipal --role "${FILE_STORAGE_OPERATOR_ROLE}" --scope "${SUBNET_ID}"
    az role assignment create --assignee-object-id "${DP_FILE_CSI_DRIVER_MI_PID}" --assignee-principal-type ServicePrincipal --role "${FILE_STORAGE_OPERATOR_ROLE}" --scope "${NSG_ID}"
    

Create the cluster

Create the cluster with default settings.

az aro hcp cluster create \
  --name "${CLUSTER_NAME}" \
  --resource-group "${CUSTOMER_RG_NAME}" \
  --location "${LOCATION}" \
  --version "${CLUSTER_VERSION}" \
  --channel-group stable \
  --subnet-id "${SUBNET_ID}" \
  --vnet-integration-subnet-id "${VNET_INTEGRATION_SUBNET_ID}" \
  --nsg "${NSG_ID}" \
  --managed-resource-group-name "${MANAGED_RESOURCE_GROUP}" \
  --user-assigned-identities "{${SERVICE_MI_ID}:{},${CLUSTER_API_AZURE_MI_ID}:{},${CONTROL_PLANE_MI_ID}:{},${CLOUD_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_MI_ID}:{},${INGRESS_MI_ID}:{},${DISK_CSI_DRIVER_MI_ID}:{},${FILE_CSI_DRIVER_MI_ID}:{},${IMAGE_REGISTRY_MI_ID}:{},${CLOUD_NETWORK_CONFIG_MI_ID}:{}}" \
  --operators-authentication "{user-assigned-identities:{control-plane-operators:{cluster-api-azure:${CLUSTER_API_AZURE_MI_ID},control-plane:${CONTROL_PLANE_MI_ID},cloud-controller-manager:${CLOUD_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_MI_ID},ingress:${INGRESS_MI_ID},disk-csi-driver:${DISK_CSI_DRIVER_MI_ID},file-csi-driver:${FILE_CSI_DRIVER_MI_ID},image-registry:${IMAGE_REGISTRY_MI_ID},cloud-network-config:${CLOUD_NETWORK_CONFIG_MI_ID}},data-plane-operators:{disk-csi-driver:${DP_DISK_CSI_DRIVER_MI_ID},file-csi-driver:${DP_FILE_CSI_DRIVER_MI_ID},image-registry:${DP_IMAGE_REGISTRY_MI_ID}},service-managed-identity:${SERVICE_MI_ID}}}"

The deployment typically takes 15 to 20 minutes to complete.

Verify that the cluster was created successfully.

az aro hcp cluster show \
  --name "${CLUSTER_NAME}" \
  --resource-group "${CUSTOMER_RG_NAME}" \
  --query "properties.provisioningState" \
  --output tsv

When the cluster is ready, the output is Succeeded.

Create the node pool

After the cluster is created, create a node pool with two Standard_D8s_v3 worker nodes.

az aro hcp cluster nodepool create \
  --cluster-name "${CLUSTER_NAME}" \
  --name "${NP_NAME}" \
  --resource-group "${CUSTOMER_RG_NAME}" \
  --replicas 2 \
  --vm-size Standard_D8s_v3 \
  --version "${NP_VERSION}" \
  --channel-group stable

Verify that the node pool was created successfully.

az aro hcp cluster nodepool show \
  --cluster-name "${CLUSTER_NAME}" \
  --name "${NP_NAME}" \
  --resource-group "${CUSTOMER_RG_NAME}" \
  --query "properties.provisioningState" \
  --output tsv

When the node pool is ready, the output is Succeeded.

Next steps