Quickstart: Create an Azure Virtual Network

Learn how to create an Azure Virtual Network (VNet) using the Azure portal, Azure CLI, Azure PowerShell, Azure Resource Manager (ARM) template, Bicep template, and Terraform. Two virtual machines and an Azure Bastion host are deployed to test connectivity between the virtual machines in the same virtual network. The Azure Bastion host facilitates secure and seamless RDP and SSH connectivity to the virtual machines directly in the Azure portal over SSL.

A virtual network is the fundamental building block for private networks in Azure. Azure Virtual Network enables Azure resources such as virtual machines to securely communicate with each other and the internet.

If you don't have an Azure account with an active subscription, create one for free.

Prerequisites

Portal

• An Azure account with an active subscription. You can create an account for free.

PowerShell

• An Azure account with an active subscription. You can create an account for free.

• Azure Cloud Shell or Azure PowerShell.

  The steps in this quickstart run the Azure PowerShell cmdlets interactively in Azure Cloud Shell. To run the commands in the Cloud Shell, select Open Cloudshell at the upper-right corner of a code block. Select Copy to copy the code, and then paste it into Cloud Shell to run it. You can also run Cloud Shell from within the Azure portal.

  You can also install Azure PowerShell locally to run the cmdlets. The steps in this article require Azure PowerShell module version 5.4.1 or later. Run Get-Module -ListAvailable Az to find your installed version. If you need to upgrade, see Update the Azure PowerShell module.

  If you run PowerShell locally, run Connect-AzAccount to connect to Azure.

CLI

If you don't have an Azure account, create a free account before you begin.

• Use the Bash environment in Azure Cloud Shell. For more information, see Get started with Azure Cloud Shell.

  

• If you prefer to run CLI reference commands locally, install the Azure CLI. If you're running on Windows or macOS, consider running Azure CLI in a Docker container. For more information, see How to run the Azure CLI in a Docker container.

  • If you're using a local installation, sign in to the Azure CLI by using the az login command. To finish the authentication process, follow the steps displayed in your terminal. For other sign-in options, see Authenticate to Azure using Azure CLI.

  • When you're prompted, install the Azure CLI extension on first use. For more information about extensions, see Use and manage extensions with the Azure CLI.

  • Run az version to find the version and dependent libraries that are installed. To upgrade to the latest version, run az upgrade.

• This article requires version 2.0.28 or later of the Azure CLI. If using Azure Cloud Shell, the latest version is already installed.

If you're running Azure CLI locally, use Azure CLI version 2.0.31 or later.

ARM

• An Azure account with an active subscription. You can create an account for free.

An Azure Resource Manager template is a JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) file that defines the infrastructure and configuration for your project. The template uses declarative syntax. You describe your intended deployment without writing the sequence of programming commands to create the deployment.

Bicep

• An Azure account with an active subscription. You can create an account for free.

• To deploy the Bicep files, either the Azure CLI or Azure PowerShell installed.

Terraform

• An Azure account with an active subscription. You can create an account for free.

• Installation and configuration of Terraform.

Portal

Create a resource group

1. Sign in to the Azure portal with your Azure account.

2. In the search box at the top of the portal, enter Resource group. Select Resource groups in the search results.

3. Select + Create.

4. In the Basics tab of Create a resource group, enter, or select the following information:

   Setting	Value
   Subscription	Select your subscription.
   Resource group	Enter test-rg.
   Region	Select East US 2.

5. Select Review + create.

6. Select Create.

Create a virtual network

1. In the search box at the top of the portal, enter Virtual network. Select Virtual networks in the search results.

2. Select + Create.

3. On the Basics tab of Create virtual network, enter, or select the following information:

   Setting	Value
   Project details
   Subscription	Select your subscription.
   Resource group	Select test-rg.
   Instance details
   Name	Enter vnet-1.
   Region	Select East US 2.

4. Select Next to proceed to the Security tab.

5. Select Next to proceed to the IP Addresses tab.

6. In the address space box in Subnets, select the default subnet.

7. In Edit subnet, enter, or select the following information:

   Setting	Value
   Subnet details
   Subnet template	Leave the default Default.
   Name	Enter subnet-1.
   Starting address	Leave the default of 10.0.0.0.
   Subnet size	Leave the default of /24 (256 addresses).

8. Select Save.

9. Select Review + create at the bottom of the screen, and when validation passes, select Create.

Deploy Azure Bastion

Azure Bastion uses your browser to connect to virtual machines (VMs) in your virtual network over secure shell (SSH) or remote desktop protocol (RDP) by using their private IP addresses. The virtual machines don't need public IP addresses, client software, or special configuration. For more information about Azure Bastion, see Azure Bastion.

Note

Hourly pricing starts from the moment that Bastion is deployed, regardless of outbound data usage. For more information, see Pricing and SKUs. If you're deploying Bastion as part of a tutorial or test, we recommend that you delete this resource after you finish using it.

1. In the search box at the top of the portal, enter Bastion. Select Bastions in the search results.

2. Select + Create.

3. In the Basics tab of Create a Bastion, enter, or select the following information:

   Setting	Value
   Project details
   Subscription	Select your subscription.
   Resource group	Select test-rg.
   Instance details
   Name	Enter bastion.
   Region	Select East US 2.
   Tier	Select Developer.
   Configure virtual networks
   Virtual network	Select vnet-1.

4. Select Review + create.

5. Select Create.

Create virtual machines

The following procedure creates two VMs named vm-1 and vm-2 in the virtual network:

1. In the portal, search for and select Virtual machines.

2. In Virtual machines, select + Create, and then select Azure virtual machine.

3. On the Basics tab of Create a virtual machine, enter or select the following information:

   Setting	Value
   Project details
   Subscription	Select your subscription.
   Resource group	Select test-rg.
   Instance details
   Virtual machine name	Enter vm-1.
   Region	Select East US 2.
   Availability options	Select No infrastructure redundancy required.
   Security type	Leave the default of Standard.
   Image	Select Ubuntu Server 22.04 LTS - x64 Gen2.
   VM architecture	Leave the default of x64.
   Size	Select a size.
   Administrator account
   Authentication type	Select SSH public key.
   Username	Enter azureuser.
   SSH public key source	Select Generate new key pair.
   Key pair name	Enter vm-1-key.
   Inbound port rules
   Public inbound ports	Select None.

4. Select the Networking tab. Enter or select the following information:

   Setting	Value
   Network interface
   Virtual network	Select vnet-1.
   Subnet	Select subnet-1 (10.0.0.0/24).
   Public IP	Select None.
   NIC network security group	Select Advanced.
   Configure network security group	Select Create new. Enter nsg-1 for the name. Leave the rest at the defaults and select OK.

5. Leave the rest of the settings at the defaults and select Review + create.

6. Review the settings and select Create.

7. Wait for the first virtual machine to deploy then repeat the previous steps to create a second virtual machine with the following settings:

   Setting	Value
   Virtual machine name	Enter vm-2.
   SSH public key source	Select Generate new key pair.
   Key pair name	Enter vm-2-key.
   Virtual network	Select vnet-1.
   Subnet	Select subnet-1 (10.0.0.0/24).
   Public IP	Select None.
   NIC network security group	Select Advanced.
   Configure network security group	Select nsg-1.

Note

Virtual machines in a virtual network with an Azure Bastion host don't need public IP addresses. Bastion provides the public IP, and the VMs use private IPs to communicate within the network. You can remove the public IPs from any VMs in Bastion-hosted virtual networks. For more information, see Dissociate a public IP address from an Azure VM.

Note

Azure provides a default outbound access IP for VMs that either aren't assigned a public IP address or are in the backend pool of an internal basic Azure load balancer. The default outbound access IP mechanism provides an outbound IP address that isn't configurable.

The default outbound access IP is disabled when one of the following events happens:

• A public IP address is assigned to the VM.
• The VM is placed in the backend pool of a standard load balancer, with or without outbound rules.
• An Azure NAT Gateway resource is assigned to the subnet of the VM.

VMs that you create by using virtual machine scale sets in flexible orchestration mode don't have default outbound access.

For more information about outbound connections in Azure, see Default outbound access in Azure and Use Source Network Address Translation (SNAT) for outbound connections.

PowerShell

Create a resource group

Use New-AzResourceGroup to create a resource group to host the virtual network. Run the following code to create a resource group named test-rg in the eastus2 Azure region:

$rg = @{
    Name = 'test-rg'
    Location = 'eastus2'
}
New-AzResourceGroup @rg

Create a virtual network

1. Use New-AzVirtualNetwork to create a virtual network named vnet-1 with IP address prefix 10.0.0.0/16 in the test-rg resource group and eastus2 location:

   $vnet = @{
       Name = 'vnet-1'
       ResourceGroupName = 'test-rg'
       Location = 'eastus2'
       AddressPrefix = '10.0.0.0/16'
   }
   $virtualNetwork = New-AzVirtualNetwork @vnet
   

2. Azure deploys resources to a subnet within a virtual network. Use Add-AzVirtualNetworkSubnetConfig to create a subnet configuration named subnet-1 with address prefix 10.0.0.0/24:

   $subnet = @{
       Name = 'subnet-1'
       VirtualNetwork = $virtualNetwork
       AddressPrefix = '10.0.0.0/24'
   }
   $subnetConfig = Add-AzVirtualNetworkSubnetConfig @subnet
   

3. Associate the subnet configuration to the virtual network by using Set-AzVirtualNetwork:

   $virtualNetwork | Set-AzVirtualNetwork
   

Deploy Azure Bastion

Azure Bastion uses your browser to connect to virtual machines in your virtual network over Secure Shell (SSH) or Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) by using their private IP addresses. The virtual machines don't need public IP addresses, client software, or special configuration. For more information about Azure Bastion, see What is Azure Bastion?.

Hourly pricing starts from the moment that Bastion is deployed, regardless of outbound data usage. For more information, see Pricing and SKUs. If you're deploying Bastion as part of a tutorial or test, we recommend that you delete this resource after you finish using it.

1. Configure a Bastion subnet for your virtual network. This subnet is reserved exclusively for Bastion resources and must be named AzureBastionSubnet.

   $subnet = @{
       Name = 'AzureBastionSubnet'
       VirtualNetwork = $virtualNetwork
       AddressPrefix = '10.0.1.0/26'
   }
   $subnetConfig = Add-AzVirtualNetworkSubnetConfig @subnet
   

2. Set the configuration:

   $virtualNetwork | Set-AzVirtualNetwork
   

3. Create a public IP address for Bastion. The Bastion host uses the public IP to access SSH and RDP over port 443.

   $ip = @{
           ResourceGroupName = 'test-rg'
           Name = 'public-ip'
           Location = 'eastus2'
           AllocationMethod = 'Static'
           Sku = 'Standard'
           Zone = 1,2,3
   }
   New-AzPublicIpAddress @ip
   

4. Use the New-AzBastion command to create a new Basic SKU Bastion host in AzureBastionSubnet:

   $bastion = @{
       Name = 'bastion'
       ResourceGroupName = 'test-rg'
       PublicIpAddressRgName = 'test-rg'
       PublicIpAddressName = 'public-ip'
       VirtualNetworkRgName = 'test-rg'
       VirtualNetworkName = 'vnet-1'
       Sku = 'Basic'
   }
   New-AzBastion @bastion
   

It takes about 10 minutes to deploy the Bastion resources. You can create virtual machines in the next section while Bastion deploys to your virtual network.

Create virtual machines

Create the first virtual machine

Create a virtual machine with New-AzVM. The following example creates a virtual machine named vm-1 in the vnet-1 virtual network.

# Create a credential object
$cred = Get-Credential

# Define the virtual machine parameters
$vmParams = @{
    ResourceGroupName = "test-rg"
    Location = "eastus2"
    Name = "vm-1"
    Image = "Ubuntu2204"
    Size = "Standard_DS1_v2"
    Credential = $cred
    VirtualNetworkName = "vnet-1"
    SubnetName = "subnet-1"
    PublicIpAddressName = ""  # No public IP address
    SshKeyName = "vm-1-ssh-key"
    GenerateSshKey = $true
}

# Create the virtual machine
New-AzVM @vmParams

Create the second virtual machine

# Create a credential object
$cred = Get-Credential

# Define the virtual machine parameters
$vmParams = @{
    ResourceGroupName = "test-rg"
    Location = "eastus2"
    Name = "vm-2"
    Image = "Ubuntu2204"
    Size = "Standard_DS1_v2"
    Credential = $cred
    VirtualNetworkName = "vnet-1"
    SubnetName = "subnet-1"
    PublicIpAddressName = ""  # No public IP address
    SshKeyName = "vm-2-ssh-key"
    GenerateSshKey = $true
}

# Create the virtual machine
New-AzVM @vmParams

Azure takes a few minutes to create the virtual machines. When Azure finishes creating the virtual machines, it returns the output to PowerShell.

Note

Virtual machines in a virtual network with a Bastion host don't need public IP addresses. Bastion provides the public IP, and the virtual machines use private IPs to communicate within the network. You can remove the public IPs from any virtual machines in Bastion-hosted virtual networks. For more information, see Dissociate a public IP address from an Azure VM.

Note

Azure provides a default outbound access IP for VMs that either aren't assigned a public IP address or are in the backend pool of an internal basic Azure load balancer. The default outbound access IP mechanism provides an outbound IP address that isn't configurable.

The default outbound access IP is disabled when one of the following events happens:

• A public IP address is assigned to the VM.
• The VM is placed in the backend pool of a standard load balancer, with or without outbound rules.
• An Azure NAT Gateway resource is assigned to the subnet of the VM.

VMs that you create by using virtual machine scale sets in flexible orchestration mode don't have default outbound access.

For more information about outbound connections in Azure, see Default outbound access in Azure and Use Source Network Address Translation (SNAT) for outbound connections.

CLI

Create a resource group

Use az group create to create a resource group to host the virtual network. Use the following code to create a resource group named test-rg in the eastus2 Azure region:

az group create \
    --name test-rg \
    --location eastus2

Create a virtual network and subnet

Use az network vnet create to create a virtual network named vnet-1 with a subnet named subnet-1 in the test-rg resource group:

az network vnet create \
    --name vnet-1 \
    --resource-group test-rg \
    --address-prefix 10.0.0.0/16 \
    --subnet-name subnet-1 \
    --subnet-prefixes 10.0.0.0/24

Deploy Azure Bastion

Azure Bastion uses your browser to connect to virtual machines in your virtual network over Secure Shell (SSH) or Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) by using their private IP addresses. The virtual machines don't need public IP addresses, client software, or special configuration.

Hourly pricing starts from the moment that Bastion is deployed, regardless of outbound data usage. For more information, see Pricing and SKUs. If you're deploying Bastion as part of a tutorial or test, we recommend that you delete this resource after you finish using it. For more information about Azure Bastion, see What is Azure Bastion?.

1. Use az network vnet subnet create to create a Bastion subnet for your virtual network. This subnet is reserved exclusively for Bastion resources and must be named AzureBastionSubnet.

   az network vnet subnet create \
       --name AzureBastionSubnet \
       --resource-group test-rg \
       --vnet-name vnet-1 \
       --address-prefix 10.0.1.0/26
   

2. Create a public IP address for Bastion. This IP address is used to connect to the Bastion host from the internet. Use az network public-ip create to create a public IP address named public-ip in the test-rg resource group:

   az network public-ip create \
       --resource-group test-rg \
       --name public-ip \
       --sku Standard \
       --location eastus2 \
       --zone 1 2 3
   

3. Use az network bastion create to create a Bastion host in AzureBastionSubnet for your virtual network:

   az network bastion create \
       --name bastion \
       --public-ip-address public-ip \
       --resource-group test-rg \
       --vnet-name vnet-1 \
       --location eastus2 \
       --sku Basic
   

It takes about 10 minutes to deploy the Bastion resources. You can create virtual machines in the next section while Bastion deploys to your virtual network.

Create virtual machines

Create the first virtual machine

Create a virtual machine with az vm create. The following example creates a virtual machine named vm-1 in the vnet-1 virtual network. If SSH keys don't already exist in a default key location, the command creates them. The --no-wait option creates the virtual machine in the background, so you can continue to the next step.

az vm create \
    --resource-group test-rg \
    --name vm-1 \
    --image Ubuntu2204 \
    --vnet-name vnet-1 \
    --subnet subnet-1 \
    --public-ip-address "" \
    --admin-username azureuser \
    --generate-ssh-keys \
    --no-wait

Create the second virtual machine

Create a virtual machine named vm-2 in the vnet-1 virtual network.

az vm create \
    --resource-group test-rg \
    --name vm-2 \
    --image Ubuntu2204 \
    --vnet-name vnet-1 \
    --subnet subnet-1 \
    --public-ip-address "" \
    --admin-username azureuser \
    --generate-ssh-keys

The virtual machine takes a few minutes to create.

Note

Virtual machines in a virtual network with a Bastion host don't need public IP addresses. Bastion provides the public IP, and the virtual machines use private IPs to communicate within the network. You can remove the public IPs from any virtual machines in Bastion-hosted virtual networks. For more information, see Dissociate a public IP address from an Azure VM.

Note

Azure provides a default outbound access IP for VMs that either aren't assigned a public IP address or are in the backend pool of an internal basic Azure load balancer. The default outbound access IP mechanism provides an outbound IP address that isn't configurable.

The default outbound access IP is disabled when one of the following events happens:

• A public IP address is assigned to the VM.
• The VM is placed in the backend pool of a standard load balancer, with or without outbound rules.
• An Azure NAT Gateway resource is assigned to the subnet of the VM.

VMs that you create by using virtual machine scale sets in flexible orchestration mode don't have default outbound access.

For more information about outbound connections in Azure, see Default outbound access in Azure and Use Source Network Address Translation (SNAT) for outbound connections.

ARM

Review the template

The template that you use in this quickstart is from Azure Quickstart Templates.

{
  "$schema": "https://schema.management.azure.com/schemas/2019-04-01/deploymentTemplate.json#",
  "contentVersion": "1.0.0.0",
  "metadata": {
    "_generator": {
      "name": "bicep",
      "version": "0.6.18.56646",
      "templateHash": "10806234693722113459"
    }
  },
  "parameters": {
    "vnetName": {
      "type": "string",
      "defaultValue": "VNet1",
      "metadata": {
        "description": "VNet name"
      }
    },
    "vnetAddressPrefix": {
      "type": "string",
      "defaultValue": "10.0.0.0/16",
      "metadata": {
        "description": "Address prefix"
      }
    },
    "subnet1Prefix": {
      "type": "string",
      "defaultValue": "10.0.0.0/24",
      "metadata": {
        "description": "Subnet 1 Prefix"
      }
    },
    "subnet1Name": {
      "type": "string",
      "defaultValue": "Subnet1",
      "metadata": {
        "description": "Subnet 1 Name"
      }
    },
    "subnet2Prefix": {
      "type": "string",
      "defaultValue": "10.0.1.0/24",
      "metadata": {
        "description": "Subnet 2 Prefix"
      }
    },
    "subnet2Name": {
      "type": "string",
      "defaultValue": "Subnet2",
      "metadata": {
        "description": "Subnet 2 Name"
      }
    },
    "location": {
      "type": "string",
      "defaultValue": "[resourceGroup().location]",
      "metadata": {
        "description": "Location for all resources."
      }
    }
  },
  "resources": [
    {
      "type": "Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks",
      "apiVersion": "2021-08-01",
      "name": "[parameters('vnetName')]",
      "location": "[parameters('location')]",
      "properties": {
        "addressSpace": {
          "addressPrefixes": [
            "[parameters('vnetAddressPrefix')]"
          ]
        },
        "subnets": [
          {
            "name": "[parameters('subnet1Name')]",
            "properties": {
              "addressPrefix": "[parameters('subnet1Prefix')]"
            }
          },
          {
            "name": "[parameters('subnet2Name')]",
            "properties": {
              "addressPrefix": "[parameters('subnet2Prefix')]"
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}

The template defines the following Azure resources:

• Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks: Creates a virtual network.
• Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/subnets: Creates a subnet.

Deploy the template

Deploy the Resource Manager template to Azure:

1. Select Deploy to Azure to sign in to Azure and open the template. The template creates a virtual network with two subnets.

   

2. In the portal, on the Create a Virtual Network with two Subnets page, enter or select the following values:

   • Resource group: Select Create new, enter CreateVNetQS-rg for the resource group name, and then select OK.
   • Virtual Network Name: Enter a name for the new virtual network.

3. Select Review + create, and then select Create.

4. When deployment finishes, select the Go to resource button to review the resources that you deployed.

Review deployed resources

Explore the resources that you created with the virtual network by browsing through the settings panes for VNet1:

• The Overview tab shows the defined address space of 10.0.0.0/16.

• The Subnets tab shows the deployed subnets of Subnet1 and Subnet2 with the appropriate values from the template.

To learn about the JSON syntax and properties for a virtual network in a template, see Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks.

Bicep

Create the virtual network and virtual machines

This quickstart uses the Two VMs in VNET Bicep template from Azure Resource Manager Quickstart Templates to create the virtual network, resource subnet, and virtual machines. The Bicep template defines the following Azure resources:

• Microsoft.Network virtualNetworks: Creates an Azure virtual network.
• Microsoft.Network virtualNetworks/subnets: Creates a subnet for the virtual machines.
• Microsoft.Compute virtualMachines: Creates the virtual machines.
• Microsoft.Compute availabilitySets: Creates an availability set.
• Microsoft.Network networkInterfaces: Creates network interfaces.
• Microsoft.Network loadBalancers: Creates an internal load balancer.
• Microsoft.Storage storageAccounts: Creates a storage account.

Review the Bicep file:

@description('Admin username')
param adminUsername string

@description('Admin password')
@secure()
param adminPassword string

@description('Prefix to use for VM names')
param vmNamePrefix string = 'BackendVM'

@description('Location for all resources.')
param location string = resourceGroup().location

@description('Size of the virtual machines')
param vmSize string = 'Standard_D2s_v3'

var availabilitySetName = 'AvSet'
var storageAccountType = 'Standard_LRS'
var storageAccountName = uniqueString(resourceGroup().id)
var virtualNetworkName = 'vNet'
var subnetName = 'backendSubnet'
var loadBalancerName = 'ilb'
var networkInterfaceName = 'nic'
var subnetRef = resourceId('Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/subnets', virtualNetworkName, subnetName)
var numberOfInstances = 2

resource storageAccount 'Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts@2023-01-01' = {
  name: storageAccountName
  location: location
  sku: {
    name: storageAccountType
  }
  kind: 'StorageV2'
}

resource availabilitySet 'Microsoft.Compute/availabilitySets@2023-09-01' = {
  name: availabilitySetName
  location: location
  sku: {
    name: 'Aligned'
  }
  properties: {
    platformUpdateDomainCount: 2
    platformFaultDomainCount: 2
  }
}

resource virtualNetwork 'Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks@2023-09-01' = {
  name: virtualNetworkName
  location: location
  properties: {
    addressSpace: {
      addressPrefixes: [
        '10.0.0.0/16'
      ]
    }
    subnets: [
      {
        name: subnetName
        properties: {
          addressPrefix: '10.0.2.0/24'
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

resource networkInterface 'Microsoft.Network/networkInterfaces@2023-09-01' = [for i in range(0, numberOfInstances): {
  name: '${networkInterfaceName}${i}'
  location: location
  properties: {
    ipConfigurations: [
      {
        name: 'ipconfig1'
        properties: {
          privateIPAllocationMethod: 'Dynamic'
          subnet: {
            id: subnetRef
          }
          loadBalancerBackendAddressPools: [
            {
              id: resourceId('Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers/backendAddressPools', loadBalancerName, 'BackendPool1')
            }
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  }
  dependsOn: [
    virtualNetwork
    loadBalancer
  ]
}]

resource loadBalancer 'Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers@2023-09-01' = {
  name: loadBalancerName
  location: location
  sku: {
    name: 'Standard'
  }
  properties: {
    frontendIPConfigurations: [
      {
        properties: {
          subnet: {
            id: subnetRef
          }
          privateIPAddress: '10.0.2.6'
          privateIPAllocationMethod: 'Static'
        }
        name: 'LoadBalancerFrontend'
      }
    ]
    backendAddressPools: [
      {
        name: 'BackendPool1'
      }
    ]
    loadBalancingRules: [
      {
        properties: {
          frontendIPConfiguration: {
            id: resourceId('Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers/frontendIpConfigurations', loadBalancerName, 'LoadBalancerFrontend')
          }
          backendAddressPool: {
            id: resourceId('Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers/backendAddressPools', loadBalancerName, 'BackendPool1')
          }
          probe: {
            id: resourceId('Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers/probes', loadBalancerName, 'lbprobe')
          }
          protocol: 'Tcp'
          frontendPort: 80
          backendPort: 80
          idleTimeoutInMinutes: 15
        }
        name: 'lbrule'
      }
    ]
    probes: [
      {
        properties: {
          protocol: 'Tcp'
          port: 80
          intervalInSeconds: 15
          numberOfProbes: 2
        }
        name: 'lbprobe'
      }
    ]
  }
  dependsOn: [
    virtualNetwork
  ]
}

resource vm 'Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines@2023-09-01' = [for i in range(0, numberOfInstances): {
  name: '${vmNamePrefix}${i}'
  location: location
  properties: {
    availabilitySet: {
      id: availabilitySet.id
    }
    hardwareProfile: {
      vmSize: vmSize
    }
    osProfile: {
      computerName: '${vmNamePrefix}${i}'
      adminUsername: adminUsername
      adminPassword: adminPassword
    }
    storageProfile: {
      imageReference: {
        publisher: 'MicrosoftWindowsServer'
        offer: 'WindowsServer'
        sku: '2019-Datacenter'
        version: 'latest'
      }
      osDisk: {
        createOption: 'FromImage'
      }
    }
    networkProfile: {
      networkInterfaces: [
        {
          id: networkInterface[i].id
        }
      ]
    }
    diagnosticsProfile: {
      bootDiagnostics: {
        enabled: true
        storageUri: storageAccount.properties.primaryEndpoints.blob
      }
    }
  }
}]

output location string = location
output name string = loadBalancer.name
output resourceGroupName string = resourceGroup().name
output resourceId string = loadBalancer.id

Deploy the Bicep template

1. Save the Bicep file to your local computer as main.bicep.

2. Deploy the Bicep file by using either the Azure CLI or Azure PowerShell:

   CLI

   az group create \
       --name TestRG \
       --location eastus
   
   az deployment group create \
       --resource-group TestRG \
       --template-file main.bicep
   

   PowerShell

    $rgParams = @{
        Name     = 'TestRG'
        Location = 'eastus'
    }
    New-AzResourceGroup @rgParams
   
    $deploymentParams = @{
        ResourceGroupName = 'TestRG'
        TemplateFile      = 'main.bicep'
    }
    New-AzResourceGroupDeployment @deploymentParams
   

When the deployment finishes, a message indicates the deployment succeeded.

Deploy Azure Bastion

Bastion uses your browser to connect to virtual machines in your virtual network over Secure Shell (SSH) or Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) by using their private IP addresses. The virtual machines don't need public IP addresses, client software, or special configuration. For more information about Azure Bastion, see What is Azure Bastion?

Note

Hourly pricing starts from the moment that Bastion is deployed, regardless of outbound data usage. For more information, see Pricing and SKUs. If you're deploying Bastion as part of a tutorial or test, we recommend that you delete this resource after you finish using it.

Use the Azure Bastion as a Service Bicep template from Azure Resource Manager Quickstart Templates to deploy and configure Bastion in your virtual network. This Bicep template defines the following Azure resources:

• Microsoft.Network virtualNetworks/subnets: Creates an AzureBastionSubnet subnet.
• Microsoft.Network bastionHosts: Creates the Bastion host.
• Microsoft.Network publicIPAddresses: Creates a public IP address for the Bastion host.
• Microsoft.Network networkSecurityGroups: Controls the settings for network security groups.

Review the Bicep file:

@description('Name of new or existing vnet to which Azure Bastion should be deployed')
param vnetName string = 'vnet01'

@description('IP prefix for available addresses in vnet address space')
param vnetIpPrefix string = '10.1.0.0/16'

@description('Specify whether to provision new vnet or deploy to existing vnet')
@allowed([
  'new'
  'existing'
])
param vnetNewOrExisting string = 'new'

@description('Bastion subnet IP prefix MUST be within vnet IP prefix address space')
param bastionSubnetIpPrefix string = '10.1.1.0/26'

@description('Name of Azure Bastion resource')
param bastionHostName string

@description('Azure region for Bastion and virtual network')
param location string = resourceGroup().location

var publicIpAddressName = '${bastionHostName}-pip'
var bastionSubnetName = 'AzureBastionSubnet'

resource publicIp 'Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses@2022-01-01' = {
  name: publicIpAddressName
  location: location
  sku: {
    name: 'Standard'
  }
  properties: {
    publicIPAllocationMethod: 'Static'
  }
}

// if vnetNewOrExisting == 'new', create a new vnet and subnet
resource newVirtualNetwork 'Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks@2022-01-01' = if (vnetNewOrExisting == 'new') {
  name: vnetName
  location: location
  properties: {
    addressSpace: {
      addressPrefixes: [
        vnetIpPrefix
      ]
    }
    subnets: [
      {
        name: bastionSubnetName
        properties: {
          addressPrefix: bastionSubnetIpPrefix
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

// if vnetNewOrExisting == 'existing', reference an existing vnet and create a new subnet under it
resource existingVirtualNetwork 'Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks@2022-01-01' existing = if (vnetNewOrExisting == 'existing') {
  name: vnetName
}
resource subnet 'Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/subnets@2022-01-01' = if (vnetNewOrExisting == 'existing') {
  parent: existingVirtualNetwork
  name: bastionSubnetName
  properties: {
    addressPrefix: bastionSubnetIpPrefix
  }
}

resource bastionHost 'Microsoft.Network/bastionHosts@2022-01-01' = {
  name: bastionHostName
  location: location
  dependsOn: [
    newVirtualNetwork
    existingVirtualNetwork
  ]
  properties: {
    ipConfigurations: [
      {
        name: 'IpConf'
        properties: {
          subnet: {
            id: subnet.id
          }
          publicIPAddress: {
            id: publicIp.id
          }
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

Deploy the Bicep template

1. Save the Bicep file to your local computer as bastion.bicep.

2. Use a text or code editor to make the following changes in the file:

   • Line 2: Change param vnetName string from 'vnet01' to 'VNet'.
   • Line 5: Change param vnetIpPrefix string from '10.1.0.0/16' to '10.0.0.0/16'.
   • Line 12: Change param vnetNewOrExisting string from 'new' to 'existing'.
   • Line 15: Change param bastionSubnetIpPrefix string from '10.1.1.0/26' to '10.0.1.0/26'.
   • Line 18: Change param bastionHostName string to param bastionHostName = 'VNet-bastion'.

   The first 18 lines of your Bicep file should now look like this example:

   @description('Name of new or existing vnet to which Azure Bastion should be deployed')
   param vnetName string = 'VNet'
   
   @description('IP prefix for available addresses in vnet address space')
   param vnetIpPrefix string = '10.0.0.0/16'
   
   @description('Specify whether to provision new vnet or deploy to existing vnet')
   @allowed([
     'new'
     'existing'
   ])
   param vnetNewOrExisting string = 'existing'
   
   @description('Bastion subnet IP prefix MUST be within vnet IP prefix address space')
   param bastionSubnetIpPrefix string = '10.0.1.0/26'
   
   @description('Name of Azure Bastion resource')
   param bastionHostName = 'VNet-bastion'
   
   

3. Save the bastion.bicep file.

4. Deploy the Bicep file by using either the Azure CLI or Azure PowerShell:

   CLI

   az deployment group create \
        --resource-group TestRG \
        --template-file bastion.bicep
   

   PowerShell

   $deploymentParams = @{
       ResourceGroupName = 'TestRG'
       TemplateFile      = 'bastion.bicep'
   }
   New-AzResourceGroupDeployment @deploymentParams
   

When the deployment finishes, a message indicates the deployment succeeded.

Note

Virtual machines in a virtual network with a Bastion host don't need public IP addresses. Bastion provides the public IP, and the virtual machines use private IPs to communicate within the network. You can remove the public IPs from any virtual machines in Bastion-hosted virtual networks. For more information, see Dissociate a public IP address from an Azure VM.

Review deployed resources

Use the Azure CLI, Azure PowerShell, or the Azure portal to review the deployed resources:

CLI

az resource list --resource-group TestRG

PowerShell

Get-AzResource -ResourceGroupName TestRG

Portal

1. In the Azure portal, search for and select resource groups. On the Resource groups page, select TestRG from the list of resource groups.

2. On the Overview page for TestRG, review all the resources that you created, including the virtual network, the two virtual machines, and the Bastion host.

3. Select the VNet virtual network. On the Overview page for VNet, note the defined address space of 10.0.0.0/16.

4. On the left menu, select Subnets. On the Subnets page, note the deployed subnets of backendSubnet and AzureBastionSubnet with the assigned values from the Bicep files.

Terraform

The script uses the Azure Resource Manager (azurerm) provider to interact with Azure resources. It uses the Random (random) provider to generate random pet names for the resources.

The script creates the following resources:

• A resource group: A container that holds related resources for an Azure solution.

• A virtual network: A fundamental building block for your private network in Azure.

• Two subnets: Segments of a virtual network's IP address range where you can place groups of isolated resources.

Terraform enables the definition, preview, and deployment of cloud infrastructure. Using Terraform, you create configuration files using HCL syntax. The HCL syntax allows you to specify the cloud provider - such as Azure - and the elements that make up your cloud infrastructure. After you create your configuration files, you create an execution plan that allows you to preview your infrastructure changes before they're deployed. Once you verify the changes, you apply the execution plan to deploy the infrastructure.

Implement the Terraform code

Note

The sample code for this article is in the Azure Terraform GitHub repo. You can view the log file that contains the test results from current and previous versions of Terraform.

For more articles and sample code that show how to use Terraform to manage Azure resources, see the documentation page for Terraform on Azure.

1. Create a directory in which to test and run the sample Terraform code, and make it the current directory.

2. Create a file named main.tf and insert the following code:

   # Resource Group
   resource "azurerm_resource_group" "rg" {
     location = var.resource_group_location
     name     = "${random_pet.prefix.id}-rg"
   }
   
   # Virtual Network
   resource "azurerm_virtual_network" "my_terraform_network" {
     name                = "${random_pet.prefix.id}-vnet"
     address_space       = ["10.0.0.0/16"]
     location            = azurerm_resource_group.rg.location
     resource_group_name = azurerm_resource_group.rg.name
   }
   
   # Subnet 1
   resource "azurerm_subnet" "my_terraform_subnet_1" {
     name                 = "subnet-1"
     resource_group_name  = azurerm_resource_group.rg.name
     virtual_network_name = azurerm_virtual_network.my_terraform_network.name
     address_prefixes     = ["10.0.0.0/24"]
   }
   
   # Subnet 2
   resource "azurerm_subnet" "my_terraform_subnet_2" {
     name                 = "subnet-2"
     resource_group_name  = azurerm_resource_group.rg.name
     virtual_network_name = azurerm_virtual_network.my_terraform_network.name
     address_prefixes     = ["10.0.1.0/24"]
   }
   
   resource "random_pet" "prefix" {
     prefix = var.resource_group_name_prefix
     length = 1
   }
   

3. Create a file named outputs.tf and insert the following code:

   output "resource_group_name" {
     description = "The name of the created resource group."
     value       = azurerm_resource_group.rg.name
   }
   
   output "virtual_network_name" {
     description = "The name of the created virtual network."
     value       = azurerm_virtual_network.my_terraform_network.name
   }
   
   output "subnet_name_1" {
     description = "The name of the created subnet 1."
     value       = azurerm_subnet.my_terraform_subnet_1.name
   }
   
   output "subnet_name_2" {
     description = "The name of the created subnet 2."
     value       = azurerm_subnet.my_terraform_subnet_2.name
   }
   

4. Create a file named providers.tf and insert the following code:

   terraform {
     required_providers {
       azurerm = {
         source  = "hashicorp/azurerm"
         version = "~>3.0"
       }
       random = {
         source  = "hashicorp/random"
         version = "~>3.0"
       }
     }
   }
   
   provider "azurerm" {
     features {}
   }
   

5. Create a file named variables.tf and insert the following code:

   variable "resource_group_location" {
     type        = string
     default     = "eastus"
     description = "Location of the resource group."
   }
   
   variable "resource_group_name_prefix" {
     type        = string
     default     = "rg"
     description = "Prefix of the resource group name that's combined with a random ID so name is unique in your Azure subscription."
   }
   

Initialize Terraform

Run terraform init to initialize the Terraform deployment. This command downloads the Azure provider required to manage your Azure resources.

terraform init -upgrade

Key points:

• The -upgrade parameter upgrades the necessary provider plugins to the newest version that complies with the configuration's version constraints.

Create a Terraform execution plan

Run terraform plan to create an execution plan.

terraform plan -out main.tfplan

Key points:

• The terraform plan command creates an execution plan, but doesn't execute it. Instead, it determines what actions are necessary to create the configuration specified in your configuration files. This pattern allows you to verify whether the execution plan matches your expectations before making any changes to actual resources.
• The optional -out parameter allows you to specify an output file for the plan. Using the -out parameter ensures that the plan you reviewed is exactly what is applied.

Apply a Terraform execution plan

Run terraform apply to apply the execution plan to your cloud infrastructure.

terraform apply main.tfplan

Key points:

• The example terraform apply command assumes you previously ran terraform plan -out main.tfplan.
• If you specified a different filename for the -out parameter, use that same filename in the call to terraform apply.
• If you didn't use the -out parameter, call terraform apply without any parameters.

Verify the results

1. Get the Azure resource group name:

   resource_group_name=$(terraform output -raw resource_group_name)
   

2. Get the virtual network name:

   virtual_network_name=$(terraform output -raw virtual_network_name)
   

3. Use az network vnet show to show the details of your newly created virtual network:

   az network vnet show \
       --resource-group $resource_group_name \
       --name $virtual_network_name
   

Troubleshoot Terraform on Azure

For information about troubleshooting Terraform, see Troubleshoot common problems when using Terraform on Azure.

Connect to a virtual machine

1. In the search box at the top of the portal, enter Virtual machine. Select Virtual machines in the search results.

2. In Virtual machines, select vm-1.

3. Select Connect then Connect via Bastion in the Overview section.

4. In the Bastion connection page, enter or select the following information:

   Setting	Value
   Authentication Type	Select SSH Private Key from Local File.
   Username	Enter azureuser.
   Local File	Select the private key file you downloaded or created.

5. Select Connect.

Start communication between virtual machines

1. At the bash prompt for vm-1, enter ping -c 4 vm-2.

   You get a reply similar to the following message:

   azureuser@vm-1:~$ ping -c 4 vm-2
   PING vm-2.3bnkevn3313ujpr5l1kqop4n4d.cx.internal.cloudapp.net (10.0.0.5) 56(84) bytes of data.
   64 bytes from vm-2.internal.cloudapp.net (10.0.0.5): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.83 ms
   64 bytes from vm-2.internal.cloudapp.net (10.0.0.5): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.987 ms
   64 bytes from vm-2.internal.cloudapp.net (10.0.0.5): icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.864 ms
   64 bytes from vm-2.internal.cloudapp.net (10.0.0.5): icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.890 ms
   

2. Close the Bastion session.

3. In the search box at the top of the portal, enter Virtual machine. Select Virtual machines in the search results.

4. In Virtual machines, select vm-2.

5. Select Connect then Connect via Bastion in the Overview section.

6. In the Bastion connection page, enter or select the following information:

   Setting	Value
   Authentication Type	Select SSH Private Key from Local File.
   Username	Enter azureuser.
   Local File	Select the private key file you downloaded or created.

7. Select Connect.

8. At the bash prompt for vm-2, enter ping -c 4 vm-1.

   You get a reply similar to the following message:

   azureuser@vm-2:~$ ping -c 4 vm-1
   PING vm-1.3bnkevn3313ujpr5l1kqop4n4d.cx.internal.cloudapp.net (10.0.0.4) 56(84) bytes of data.
   64 bytes from vm-1.internal.cloudapp.net (10.0.0.4): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.695 ms
   64 bytes from vm-1.internal.cloudapp.net (10.0.0.4): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.896 ms
   64 bytes from vm-1.internal.cloudapp.net (10.0.0.4): icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=3.43 ms
   64 bytes from vm-1.internal.cloudapp.net (10.0.0.4): icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.780 ms
   

9. Close the Bastion session.

Clean up resources

Portal

When you finish using the resources that you created, you can delete the resource group and all its resources.

1. In the Azure portal, search for and select Resource groups.

2. On the Resource groups page, select the test-rg resource group.

3. On the test-rg page, select Delete resource group.

4. Enter test-rg in Enter resource group name to confirm deletion, and then select Delete.

PowerShell

When you finish using the virtual network and the virtual machines, use Remove-AzResourceGroup to remove the resource group and all its resources:

$rgParams = @{
    Name = 'test-rg'
    Force = $true
}
Remove-AzResourceGroup @rgParams

CLI

When you finish using the virtual network and the virtual machines, use az group delete to remove the resource group and all its resources.

az group delete \
    --name test-rg \
    --yes

ARM

When you no longer need the resources that you created with the virtual network, delete the resource group. This action removes the virtual network and all the related resources.

To delete the resource group, call the Remove-AzResourceGroup cmdlet:

Remove-AzResourceGroup -Name <your resource group name>

Bicep

1. In the Azure portal, on the Resource groups page, select the TestRG resource group.

2. At the top of the TestRG page, select Delete resource group.

3. On the Delete a resource group page, under Enter resource group name to confirm deletion, enter TestRG, and then select Delete.

4. Select Delete again.

Terraform

When you no longer need the resources created via Terraform, do the following steps:

1. Run terraform plan and specify the destroy flag.

   terraform plan -destroy -out main.destroy.tfplan
   

   Key points:

   • The terraform plan command creates an execution plan, but doesn't execute it. Instead, it determines what actions are necessary to create the configuration specified in your configuration files. This pattern allows you to verify whether the execution plan matches your expectations before making any changes to actual resources.
   • The optional -out parameter allows you to specify an output file for the plan. Using the -out parameter ensures that the plan you reviewed is exactly what is applied.

2. Run terraform apply to apply the execution plan.

   terraform apply main.destroy.tfplan
   

Related content

• Filter network traffic

• Learn more about using Terraform on Azure