Cancel a list of tasks
You can cancel an async console application if you don't want to wait for it to finish. By following the example in this topic, you can add a cancellation to an application that downloads the contents of a list of websites. You can cancel many tasks by associating the CancellationTokenSource instance with each task. If you select the Enter key, you cancel all tasks that aren't yet complete.
This tutorial covers:
- Creating a .NET console application
- Writing an async application that supports cancellation
- Demonstrating signaling cancellation
Prerequisites
This tutorial requires the following:
- .NET 5 or later SDK
- Integrated development environment (IDE)
Create example application
Create a new .NET Core console application. You can create one by using the dotnet new console command or from Visual Studio. Open the Program.cs file in your favorite code editor.
Replace using directives
Replace the existing using directives with these declarations:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Net.Http;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
Add fields
In the Program class definition, add these three fields:
static readonly CancellationTokenSource s_cts = new CancellationTokenSource();
static readonly HttpClient s_client = new HttpClient
{
MaxResponseContentBufferSize = 1_000_000
};
static readonly IEnumerable<string> s_urlList = new string[]
{
"https://learn.microsoft.com",
"https://learn.microsoft.com/aspnet/core",
"https://learn.microsoft.com/azure",
"https://learn.microsoft.com/azure/devops",
"https://learn.microsoft.com/dotnet",
"https://learn.microsoft.com/dynamics365",
"https://learn.microsoft.com/education",
"https://learn.microsoft.com/enterprise-mobility-security",
"https://learn.microsoft.com/gaming",
"https://learn.microsoft.com/graph",
"https://learn.microsoft.com/microsoft-365",
"https://learn.microsoft.com/office",
"https://learn.microsoft.com/powershell",
"https://learn.microsoft.com/sql",
"https://learn.microsoft.com/surface",
"https://learn.microsoft.com/system-center",
"https://learn.microsoft.com/visualstudio",
"https://learn.microsoft.com/windows",
"https://learn.microsoft.com/maui"
};
The CancellationTokenSource is used to signal a requested cancellation to a CancellationToken. The HttpClient exposes the ability to send HTTP requests and receive HTTP responses. The s_urlList holds all of the URLs that the application plans to process.
Update application entry point
The main entry point into the console application is the Main method. Replace the existing method with the following:
static async Task Main()
{
Console.WriteLine("Application started.");
Console.WriteLine("Press the ENTER key to cancel...\n");
Task cancelTask = Task.Run(() =>
{
while (Console.ReadKey().Key != ConsoleKey.Enter)
{
Console.WriteLine("Press the ENTER key to cancel...");
}
Console.WriteLine("\nENTER key pressed: cancelling downloads.\n");
s_cts.Cancel();
});
Task sumPageSizesTask = SumPageSizesAsync();
Task finishedTask = await Task.WhenAny(new[] { cancelTask, sumPageSizesTask });
if (finishedTask == cancelTask)
{
// wait for the cancellation to take place:
try
{
await sumPageSizesTask;
Console.WriteLine("Download task completed before cancel request was processed.");
}
catch (TaskCanceledException)
{
Console.WriteLine("Download task has been cancelled.");
}
}
Console.WriteLine("Application ending.");
}
The updated Main method is now considered an Async main, which allows for an asynchronous entry point into the executable. It writes a few instructional messages to the console, then declares a Task instance named cancelTask, which will read console key strokes. If the Enter key is pressed, a call to CancellationTokenSource.Cancel() is made. This will signal cancellation. Next, the sumPageSizesTask variable is assigned from the SumPageSizesAsync method. Both tasks are then passed to Task.WhenAny(Task[]), which will continue when any of the two tasks have completed.
The next block of code ensures that the application doesn't exit until the cancellation has been processed. If the first task to complete is the cancelTask, the sumPageSizeTask is awaited. If it was cancelled, when awaited it throws a System.Threading.Tasks.TaskCanceledException. The block catches that exception, and prints a message.
Create the asynchronous sum page sizes method
Below the Main method, add the SumPageSizesAsync method:
static async Task SumPageSizesAsync()
{
var stopwatch = Stopwatch.StartNew();
int total = 0;
foreach (string url in s_urlList)
{
int contentLength = await ProcessUrlAsync(url, s_client, s_cts.Token);
total += contentLength;
}
stopwatch.Stop();
Console.WriteLine($"\nTotal bytes returned: {total:#,#}");
Console.WriteLine($"Elapsed time: {stopwatch.Elapsed}\n");
}
The method starts by instantiating and starting a Stopwatch. It then loops through each URL in the s_urlList and calls ProcessUrlAsync. With each iteration, the s_cts.Token is passed into the ProcessUrlAsync method and the code returns a Task<TResult>, where TResult is an integer:
int total = 0;
foreach (string url in s_urlList)
{
int contentLength = await ProcessUrlAsync(url, s_client, s_cts.Token);
total += contentLength;
}
Add process method
Add the following ProcessUrlAsync method below the SumPageSizesAsync method:
static async Task<int> ProcessUrlAsync(string url, HttpClient client, CancellationToken token)
{
HttpResponseMessage response = await client.GetAsync(url, token);
byte[] content = await response.Content.ReadAsByteArrayAsync(token);
Console.WriteLine($"{url,-60} {content.Length,10:#,#}");
return content.Length;
}
For any given URL, the method will use the client instance provided to get the response as a byte[]. The CancellationToken instance is passed into the HttpClient.GetAsync(String, CancellationToken) and HttpContent.ReadAsByteArrayAsync() methods. The token is used to register for requested cancellation. The length is returned after the URL and length is written to the console.
Example application output
Application started.
Press the ENTER key to cancel...
https://learn.microsoft.com 37,357
https://learn.microsoft.com/aspnet/core 85,589
https://learn.microsoft.com/azure 398,939
https://learn.microsoft.com/azure/devops 73,663
https://learn.microsoft.com/dotnet 67,452
https://learn.microsoft.com/dynamics365 48,582
https://learn.microsoft.com/education 22,924
ENTER key pressed: cancelling downloads.
Application ending.
Complete example
The following code is the complete text of the Program.cs file for the example.
using System.Diagnostics;
class Program
{
static readonly CancellationTokenSource s_cts = new CancellationTokenSource();
static readonly HttpClient s_client = new HttpClient
{
MaxResponseContentBufferSize = 1_000_000
};
static readonly IEnumerable<string> s_urlList = new string[]
{
"https://learn.microsoft.com",
"https://learn.microsoft.com/aspnet/core",
"https://learn.microsoft.com/azure",
"https://learn.microsoft.com/azure/devops",
"https://learn.microsoft.com/dotnet",
"https://learn.microsoft.com/dynamics365",
"https://learn.microsoft.com/education",
"https://learn.microsoft.com/enterprise-mobility-security",
"https://learn.microsoft.com/gaming",
"https://learn.microsoft.com/graph",
"https://learn.microsoft.com/microsoft-365",
"https://learn.microsoft.com/office",
"https://learn.microsoft.com/powershell",
"https://learn.microsoft.com/sql",
"https://learn.microsoft.com/surface",
"https://learn.microsoft.com/system-center",
"https://learn.microsoft.com/visualstudio",
"https://learn.microsoft.com/windows",
"https://learn.microsoft.com/maui"
};
static async Task Main()
{
Console.WriteLine("Application started.");
Console.WriteLine("Press the ENTER key to cancel...\n");
Task cancelTask = Task.Run(() =>
{
while (Console.ReadKey().Key != ConsoleKey.Enter)
{
Console.WriteLine("Press the ENTER key to cancel...");
}
Console.WriteLine("\nENTER key pressed: cancelling downloads.\n");
s_cts.Cancel();
});
Task sumPageSizesTask = SumPageSizesAsync();
Task finishedTask = await Task.WhenAny(new[] { cancelTask, sumPageSizesTask });
if (finishedTask == cancelTask)
{
// wait for the cancellation to take place:
try
{
await sumPageSizesTask;
Console.WriteLine("Download task completed before cancel request was processed.");
}
catch (OperationCanceledException)
{
Console.WriteLine("Download task has been cancelled.");
}
}
Console.WriteLine("Application ending.");
}
static async Task SumPageSizesAsync()
{
var stopwatch = Stopwatch.StartNew();
int total = 0;
foreach (string url in s_urlList)
{
int contentLength = await ProcessUrlAsync(url, s_client, s_cts.Token);
total += contentLength;
}
stopwatch.Stop();
Console.WriteLine($"\nTotal bytes returned: {total:#,#}");
Console.WriteLine($"Elapsed time: {stopwatch.Elapsed}\n");
}
static async Task<int> ProcessUrlAsync(string url, HttpClient client, CancellationToken token)
{
HttpResponseMessage response = await client.GetAsync(url, token);
byte[] content = await response.Content.ReadAsByteArrayAsync(token);
Console.WriteLine($"{url,-60} {content.Length,10:#,#}");
return content.Length;
}
}
