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Compile-time logging source generation

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.NET 6 introduces the LoggerMessageAttribute type. This attribute is part of the Microsoft.Extensions.Logging namespace, and when used, it source-generates performant logging APIs. The source-generation logging support is designed to deliver a highly usable and highly performant logging solution for modern .NET applications. The auto-generated source code relies on the ILogger interface in conjunction with LoggerMessage.Define functionality.

The source generator is triggered when LoggerMessageAttribute is used on partial logging methods. When triggered, it is either able to autogenerate the implementation of the partial methods it's decorating, or produce compile-time diagnostics with hints about proper usage. The compile-time logging solution is typically considerably faster at run time than existing logging approaches. It achieves this by eliminating boxing, temporary allocations, and copies to the maximum extent possible.

Basic usage

To use the LoggerMessageAttribute, the consuming class and method need to be partial. The code generator is triggered at compile time, and generates an implementation of the partial method.

public static partial class Log
{
    [LoggerMessage(
        EventId = 0,
        Level = LogLevel.Critical,
        Message = "Could not open socket to `{HostName}`")]
    public static partial void CouldNotOpenSocket(
        ILogger logger, string hostName);
}

In the preceding example, the logging method is static and the log level is specified in the attribute definition. When using the attribute in a static context, either the ILogger instance is required as a parameter, or modify the definition to use the this keyword to define the method as an extension method.

public static partial class Log
{
    [LoggerMessage(
        EventId = 0,
        Level = LogLevel.Critical,
        Message = "Could not open socket to `{HostName}`")]
    public static partial void CouldNotOpenSocket(
        this ILogger logger, string hostName);
}

You may choose to use the attribute in a non-static context as well. Consider the following example where the logging method is declared as an instance method. In this context, the logging method gets the logger by accessing an ILogger field in the containing class.

public partial class InstanceLoggingExample
{
    private readonly ILogger _logger;

    public InstanceLoggingExample(ILogger logger)
    {
        _logger = logger;
    }

    [LoggerMessage(
        EventId = 0,
        Level = LogLevel.Critical,
        Message = "Could not open socket to `{HostName}`")]
    public partial void CouldNotOpenSocket(string hostName);
}

Starting with .NET 9, the logging method can additionally get the logger from an ILogger primary constructor parameter in the containing class.

public partial class InstanceLoggingExample(ILogger logger)
{
    [LoggerMessage(
        EventId = 0,
        Level = LogLevel.Critical,
        Message = "Could not open socket to `{HostName}`")]
    public partial void CouldNotOpenSocket(string hostName);
}

If there is both an ILogger field and a primary constructor parameter, the logging method will get the logger from the field.

Sometimes, the log level needs to be dynamic rather than statically built into the code. You can do this by omitting the log level from the attribute and instead requiring it as a parameter to the logging method.

public static partial class Log
{
    [LoggerMessage(
        EventId = 0,
        Message = "Could not open socket to `{HostName}`")]
    public static partial void CouldNotOpenSocket(
        ILogger logger,
        LogLevel level, /* Dynamic log level as parameter, rather than defined in attribute. */
        string hostName);
}

You can omit the logging message and String.Empty will be provided for the message. The state will contain the arguments, formatted as key-value pairs.

using System.Text.Json;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;

using ILoggerFactory loggerFactory = LoggerFactory.Create(
    builder =>
    builder.AddJsonConsole(
        options =>
        options.JsonWriterOptions = new JsonWriterOptions()
        {
            Indented = true
        }));

ILogger<SampleObject> logger = loggerFactory.CreateLogger<SampleObject>();
logger.PlaceOfResidence(logLevel: LogLevel.Information, name: "Liana", city: "Seattle");

readonly file record struct SampleObject { }

public static partial class Log
{
    [LoggerMessage(EventId = 23, Message = "{Name} lives in {City}.")]
    public static partial void PlaceOfResidence(
        this ILogger logger,
        LogLevel logLevel,
        string name,
        string city);
}

Consider the example logging output when using the JsonConsole formatter.

{
  "EventId": 23,
  "LogLevel": "Information",
  "Category": "\u003CProgram\u003EF...9CB42__SampleObject",
  "Message": "Liana lives in Seattle.",
  "State": {
    "Message": "Liana lives in Seattle.",
    "name": "Liana",
    "city": "Seattle",
    "{OriginalFormat}": "{Name} lives in {City}."
  }
}

Log method constraints

When using the LoggerMessageAttribute on logging methods, some constraints must be followed:

  • Logging methods must be partial and return void.
  • Logging method names must not start with an underscore.
  • Parameter names of logging methods must not start with an underscore.
  • Logging methods may not be defined in a nested type.
  • Logging methods cannot be generic.
  • If a logging method is static, the ILogger instance is required as a parameter.

The code-generation model depends on code being compiled with a modern C# compiler, version 9 or later. The C# 9.0 compiler became available with .NET 5. To upgrade to a modern C# compiler, edit your project file to target C# 9.0.

<PropertyGroup>
  <LangVersion>9.0</LangVersion>
</PropertyGroup>

For more information, see C# language versioning.

Log method anatomy

The ILogger.Log signature accepts the LogLevel and optionally an Exception, as shown below.

public interface ILogger
{
    void Log<TState>(
        Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.LogLevel logLevel,
        Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.EventId eventId,
        TState state,
        System.Exception? exception,
        Func<TState, System.Exception?, string> formatter);
}

As a general rule, the first instance of ILogger, LogLevel, and Exception are treated specially in the log method signature of the source generator. Subsequent instances are treated like normal parameters to the message template:

// This is a valid attribute usage
[LoggerMessage(
    EventId = 110, Level = LogLevel.Debug, Message = "M1 {Ex3} {Ex2}")]
public static partial void ValidLogMethod(
    ILogger logger,
    Exception ex,
    Exception ex2,
    Exception ex3);

// This causes a warning
[LoggerMessage(
    EventId = 0, Level = LogLevel.Debug, Message = "M1 {Ex} {Ex2}")]
public static partial void WarningLogMethod(
    ILogger logger,
    Exception ex,
    Exception ex2);

Important

The warnings emitted provide details as to the correct usage of the LoggerMessageAttribute. In the preceding example, the WarningLogMethod will report a DiagnosticSeverity.Warning of SYSLIB0025.

Don't include a template for `ex` in the logging message since it is implicitly taken care of.

Case-insensitive template name support

The generator does a case-insensitive comparison between items in the message template and argument names in the log message. This means that when the ILogger enumerates the state, the argument is picked up by the message template, which can make the logs nicer to consume:

public partial class LoggingExample
{
    private readonly ILogger _logger;

    public LoggingExample(ILogger logger)
    {
        _logger = logger;
    }

    [LoggerMessage(
        EventId = 10,
        Level = LogLevel.Information,
        Message = "Welcome to {City} {Province}!")]
    public partial void LogMethodSupportsPascalCasingOfNames(
        string city, string province);

    public void TestLogging()
    {
        LogMethodSupportsPascalCasingOfNames("Vancouver", "BC");
    }
}

Consider the example logging output when using the JsonConsole formatter:

{
  "EventId": 13,
  "LogLevel": "Information",
  "Category": "LoggingExample",
  "Message": "Welcome to Vancouver BC!",
  "State": {
    "Message": "Welcome to Vancouver BC!",
    "City": "Vancouver",
    "Province": "BC",
    "{OriginalFormat}": "Welcome to {City} {Province}!"
  }
}

Indeterminate parameter order

There are no constraints on the ordering of log method parameters. A developer could define the ILogger as the last parameter, although it may appear a bit awkward.

[LoggerMessage(
    EventId = 110,
    Level = LogLevel.Debug,
    Message = "M1 {Ex3} {Ex2}")]
static partial void LogMethod(
    Exception ex,
    Exception ex2,
    Exception ex3,
    ILogger logger);

Tip

The order of the parameters on a log method is not required to correspond to the order of the template placeholders. Instead, the placeholder names in the template are expected to match the parameters. Consider the following JsonConsole output and the order of the errors.

{
  "EventId": 110,
  "LogLevel": "Debug",
  "Category": "ConsoleApp.Program",
  "Message": "M1 System.Exception: Third time's the charm. System.Exception: This is the second error.",
  "State": {
    "Message": "M1 System.Exception: Third time's the charm. System.Exception: This is the second error.",
    "ex2": "System.Exception: This is the second error.",
    "ex3": "System.Exception: Third time's the charm.",
    "{OriginalFormat}": "M1 {Ex3} {Ex2}"
  }
}

Additional logging examples

The following samples demonstrate how to retrieve the event name, set the log level dynamically, and format logging parameters. The logging methods are:

  • LogWithCustomEventName: Retrieve event name via LoggerMessage attribute.
  • LogWithDynamicLogLevel: Set log level dynamically, to allow log level to be set based on configuration input.
  • UsingFormatSpecifier: Use format specifiers to format logging parameters.
public partial class LoggingSample
{
    private readonly ILogger _logger;

    public LoggingSample(ILogger logger)
    {
        _logger = logger;
    }

    [LoggerMessage(
        EventId = 20,
        Level = LogLevel.Critical,
        Message = "Value is {Value:E}")]
    public static partial void UsingFormatSpecifier(
        ILogger logger, double value);

    [LoggerMessage(
        EventId = 9,
        Level = LogLevel.Trace,
        Message = "Fixed message",
        EventName = "CustomEventName")]
    public partial void LogWithCustomEventName();

    [LoggerMessage(
        EventId = 10,
        Message = "Welcome to {City} {Province}!")]
    public partial void LogWithDynamicLogLevel(
        string city, LogLevel level, string province);

    public void TestLogging()
    {
        LogWithCustomEventName();

        LogWithDynamicLogLevel("Vancouver", LogLevel.Warning, "BC");
        LogWithDynamicLogLevel("Vancouver", LogLevel.Information, "BC");

        UsingFormatSpecifier(logger, 12345.6789);
    }
}

Consider the example logging output when using the SimpleConsole formatter:

trce: LoggingExample[9]
      Fixed message
warn: LoggingExample[10]
      Welcome to Vancouver BC!
info: LoggingExample[10]
      Welcome to Vancouver BC!
crit: LoggingExample[20]
      Value is 1.234568E+004

Consider the example logging output when using the JsonConsole formatter:

{
  "EventId": 9,
  "LogLevel": "Trace",
  "Category": "LoggingExample",
  "Message": "Fixed message",
  "State": {
    "Message": "Fixed message",
    "{OriginalFormat}": "Fixed message"
  }
}
{
  "EventId": 10,
  "LogLevel": "Warning",
  "Category": "LoggingExample",
  "Message": "Welcome to Vancouver BC!",
  "State": {
    "Message": "Welcome to Vancouver BC!",
    "city": "Vancouver",
    "province": "BC",
    "{OriginalFormat}": "Welcome to {City} {Province}!"
  }
}
{
  "EventId": 10,
  "LogLevel": "Information",
  "Category": "LoggingExample",
  "Message": "Welcome to Vancouver BC!",
  "State": {
    "Message": "Welcome to Vancouver BC!",
    "city": "Vancouver",
    "province": "BC",
    "{OriginalFormat}": "Welcome to {City} {Province}!"
  }
}
{
  "EventId": 20,
  "LogLevel": "Critical",
  "Category": "LoggingExample",
  "Message": "Value is 1.234568E+004",
  "State": {
    "Message": "Value is 1.234568E+004",
    "value": 12345.6789,
    "{OriginalFormat}": "Value is {Value:E}"
  }
}

Summary

With the advent of C# source generators, writing highly performant logging APIs is much easier. Using the source generator approach has several key benefits:

  • Allows the logging structure to be preserved and enables the exact format syntax required by Message Templates.
  • Allows supplying alternative names for the template placeholders and using format specifiers.
  • Allows the passing of all original data as-is, without any complication around how it's stored before something is done with it (other than creating a string).
  • Provides logging-specific diagnostics, and emits warnings for duplicate event IDs.

Additionally, there are benefits over manually using LoggerMessage.Define:

  • Shorter and simpler syntax: Declarative attribute usage rather than coding boilerplate.
  • Guided developer experience: The generator gives warnings to help developers do the right thing.
  • Support for an arbitrary number of logging parameters. LoggerMessage.Define supports a maximum of six.
  • Support for dynamic log level. This is not possible with LoggerMessage.Define alone.

See also