Production postings

This article provides information about different types of posting in the production order process.

Material consumption

Register materials as consumed during production when you post the production picking list journal. This action creates transactions that deduct the on-hand inventory. In the Production parameters, you can specify whether to post the value of raw materials that are in progress (called WIP) to the ledger.

The value of raw materials that are in progress (WIP) posts to the Estimated cost of materials consumed and Estimated cost of materials consumed, WIP accounts. The picking list process for the production order is a physical update to the inventory transactions related to the production order. When you register a production order as ended, the system reverses the physical transactions and financially updates the related inventory transactions. When you post the ending journal, use the Cost of materials consumed and Cost of materials consumed, WIP posting types.

The Production tab on the Inventory posting profiles page controls how production orders post to the general ledger. Set this tab when you set the Ledger posting field to either Item and resource or Item and category on the Production control parameters page.

For a picking list journal to post to the general ledger for a production order, the following conditions must be met:

• Select the Post picking list in ledger checkbox on the Production control parameters page. You can override this setting for a specific site on the Production control parameters by site page.
• Select the Post physical inventory checkbox on the Item model groups page for the item selected on the purchase order line.
• Specify the main accounts on the Inventory posting profile page for the following posting types:
  • Estimated cost of materials consumed
  • Estimated cost of materials consumed, WIP

Time consumption

The time that workers spend on production jobs is recorded in the Route card journal or the Job card journal. When these journals are posted, the ledger posting to a dedicated account for resources that are in progress (WIP) is processed. This posting represents the value of the time that is spent on the production order. After the production order is registered as ended, the WIP accounts are settled.

There are three possible ways to post time consumption depending on the option selected in the Ledger posting field on the Production control parameters page.

Reporting finished goods and error quantities

When you report a production order as finished, the system updates the inventory with the completed finished goods through the Report as finished journal. If you're using WIP accounting, the system posts a ledger journal to reduce the WIP accounts and increase the inventory of the finished goods. The journal uses the standard cost that you defined for the product. If you select the Use estimated cost price option on the Production control parameters page, the system uses the estimated cost from the production order.

The value of raw materials that are in progress (WIP) is posted to the Estimated manufactured cost and Estimated manufactured cost, WIP accounts. The Report as finished process for the production order is a physical update to the inventory transactions related to the production order. When a production order is ended, the physical transactions are reversed and the related inventory transactions are financially updated. When the ending journal is posted, the Manufactured cost and Manufactured cost, WIP posting types are used.

The Production tab on the Inventory posting profiles page is used to control how production orders post to the general ledger. This is used when the Ledger posting field is set to either Item and resource or Item and category on the Production control parameters page. The Ledger-items FastTab on the Production groups page can also be used to control posting for production orders when the field is set to Production groups.

For a Report as finished journal to post to the general ledger for a production order, the following conditions must be met:

• Select the Post report as finished in ledger checkbox in the Production control parameters page. You can override this setting for a specific site on the Production control parameters by site page.
• Select the Post physical inventory checkbox on the Item model groups page for the item selected on the purchase order line.
• Specify the main accounts in the Inventory posting profile page for the following posting types:
  • Estimated manufactured cost
  • Estimated manufactured cost, WIP

Ending the production order

Before you end a production order, the system calculates the actual costs for the produced quantity. It reverses all estimated costs of material, labor, and overhead, and replaces them with actual costs. The system debits the overall cost of the finished item from the Manufactured cost account and credits the Manufactured cost, WIP account. It credits the materials that were consumed during the production order to the Cost of materials consumed account and debits the Cost of materials, WIP account.

If you select the End job checkbox when you run the cost calculation, the status of the production order changes to Ended. This status prevents any additional costs from being unintentionally posted to a completed production order. You can specify that the value of error quantities that are reported as finished should be allocated to the good quantities that are reported as finished. Alternatively, you can specify that the value of error quantities be posted to a dedicated scrap account.

To specify a specific scrap account, follow these steps:

1. Go to Production control > Setup > Production control parameters.
2. Select the Standard update tab.
3. In the Scrap method field, select Scrap account.
4. In the Scrap account field, select the main account where the scrap for error quantity should be posted when the production order is ended. For example, select an Expense account such as 510380: Production Scrap.

For the end journal to post to the general ledger for a production order, the following conditions must be met:

• The main accounts must be specified in the Inventory posting profile or Production groups page for the following posting types:
  • Cost of materials consumed
  • Cost of materials consumed, WIP
  • Manufactured cost
  • Manufactured cost, WIP
• The main accounts must be specified in the Cost categories, Resources, or Resource groups page for the following types:
  • Manufactured cost absorbed
  • Cost of manufacturing consumed, WIP

Indirect costs for production orders

When you process transactions for a production order, you can configure indirect costs to capture overhead costs or additional fees in your general ledger. Physical transactions for indirect costs are recognized in inventory when you post a picking list journal or report as finished journal. Financial transactions for indirect costs are recognized in inventory when you post the end journal.

You can recognize indirect costs on your time consumption related to Route card journals or Job card journals. These transactions are reversed and posted into the financial accounts when you end the production order. For more information, go to Costing sheets.

Controlling the level of ledger posting

On the Production control parameters page, use the Ledger posting field to set the level of ledger posting for production processes.

The following options are available:

Item and resource

When you select the Item and resource option in the Ledger posting field, the posting accounts come from the resource or resource group on operation in the route. Accounts on the specific resource are the first posting option. If you don't specify an account, the system uses the accounts specified on the resource group. Each operation line in a route can have one resource specified as the Costing resource. This resource determines the account to use. Use this option when an organization assigns operating costs to the resources. Costs are often higher for the resources and are used to help make "make versus buy" decisions. This option is the most detailed posting configuration, and it allows the most granular control of the postings and detailed analytics of the production process.

Item and category

When you select the Item and category option in the Ledger posting field, the posting accounts come from the Cost category page related to each line in the route. Each operation line in the route can have three cost categories: Setup time, Run time, and the Quantity. Use this option when your organization's main focus is on process efficiency and activity duration. This option is a more summarized way of posting, and it still provides a way to group costs into categories.

Production group

When you select the Production groups option in the Ledger posting field, the posting accounts come from the Production groups page. Production groups are typically used when more than one production line runs similar products or has similar equipment. Use this option to compare the costs between two different production groups.

Note

If you use the standard method for calculating the cost of the finished item, the final transactions reflect this method. If actual costs and the costs that are calculated by using the standard method differ, post the differences to the account that shows profit or loss.

Route groups and ledger posting

Each operation line in a route has a Route group specified. Use the Setup time, Run time, and Quantity fields on the Route group in the Estimation and costing group to control whether the time is used for costing when posting a Job card or Route card journal on the production order. If you disable these options, the system doesn't create a voucher in the general ledger for the time consumption.

For a Route card or Job card journal to post to the general ledger for a production order, the following conditions must be met:

• Select the Setup time, Run time, or Quantity field in the Estimation and costing group on the Route group page.
• Specify the main accounts in either the Cost category, Route, Route group, or Production groups page for the following posting types:
  • Estimated manufacturing cost absorbed
  • Estimated cost of manufacturing consumed, WIP

The following diagram shows the relationship of the route group to the calculation of the total cost for each operation (route line) in a given route. Each route line has one route group. The route group controls parameters for setup time, run time, and quantity. The Cost category tab has three options for Setup, Run, and Quantity that are enabled based on the route groups setting. The Timings FastTab has three fields that are based on the route group.

The formula that's used is based on whether the option is enabled in the route group. The cost from the selected cost category is multiplied by the quantity that you enter in the timings to calculate the total cost.

The relationship of route groups to the total calculated cost. Each route line has one route group. The route group controls parameters for setup time, run time, and quantity. The **Cost category** tab has three options for the **Setup**, **Run**, and **Quantity** that are enabled based on the route groups setting. The **Timings** FastTab has three fields that are enabled and costed based on the route group. The formula that's used is based on if the option is enabled in the route group. The cost from the selected cost category is multiplied by the quantity that you enter in the timings to calculate the total cost.

Sample posting profile configuration

The following table shows examples of the default posting types with sample main accounts and descriptions.

• The Debit/Credit column indicates whether the transaction typically debits or credits, or in some cases it can post either.
• The Clearing account column indicates whether the posting type is a clearing account. The amount posted in this account is automatically reversed when a later transaction is posted.
• The P/F column indicates P for physical posting and F for financial posting.
• The Follow column indicates if the main account for a specific posting type is typically the same as another posting type. The value in the column indicates the posting type that's typically followed.

Note

The suggested main accounts and main account names are suggestions. Work with your accountant to determine the best configuration for your business needs.

Posting type	Main account example	Main account name example	Account type	Debit/ Credit?	Clearing account	Physical or Financial	Follow	Description
Estimated cost of materials consumed	140100	Materials Inventory	Asset	Credit	Y	P	Cost of materials consumed	Use this account when you post a picking list journal for a production order. The offset to this account is the Estimated cost of materials, WIP. The amount in this account is automatically reversed when the production order is ended. This account represents the inventory account in the balance sheet.
Estimated cost of materials consumed, WIP	150150	Production WIP – Materials	Asset	Debit	Y	P	Estimated manufactured cost, WIP	Use this account when you post a picking list journal for a production order. The offset to this account is the Estimated cost of materials consumed. The amount in this account is automatically reversed when a production order is ended. This account represents the WIP in your balance sheet.
Estimated manufactured cost	140200	Finished Goods Inventory	Asset	Debit	Y	P	Manufactured cost	Use this account when you post a report as finished journal for a production order. The offset to this account is the Estimated manufactured cost, WIP. The amount in this account is automatically reversed when the production order is ended. This account represents the inventory account in the balance sheet.
Estimated manufactured cost, WIP	150150	Production WIP – Materials	Asset	Credit	Y	P	Manufactured cost, WIP	Use this account when you post a report as finished journal for a production order. The offset to this account is the Estimated manufactured cost. The amount in this account is automatically reversed when a production order is ended. This account represents the WIP in your balance sheet.
Cost of materials consumed	140100	Materials Inventory	Asset	Credit	N	F	Estimated cost of materials consumed	Use this account to recognize the materials that are consumed in the production order during the ending process. The offset to this account is the Cost of materials consumed, WIP.
Cost of materials consumed, WIP	150150	Production WIP – Materials	Asset	Debit	N	F	Estimated cost of materials consumed, WIP	Use this account to recognize the materials in WIP that are consumed in the production order during the ending process. The offset to this account is the Cost of materials consumed.
Manufactured cost	140200	Finished Goods Inventory	Asset	Debit	N	F	Estimated manufactured cost	Use this account to recognize the cost of the finished good that is produced by a production order when you end the production order. The offset to this account is the Manufactured cost, WIP account.
Manufactured cost, WIP	150150	Production WIP – Materials	Asset	Credit	N	F	Estimated manufactured cost, WIP	Use this account to recognize the cost of the finished good in WIP that is produced by a production order when you end the production order. The offset to this account is the Manufactured cost account.

Note

The Lean service WIP receipt and Lean service WIP clearing account are used with backflush costing for lean manufacturing. For more information, see Backflush costing.