Invoice processing

This article briefly describes some country/region-specific scenarios, such as intra-community value-added tax (VAT) and deferred tax. Legal requirements for some European countries/regions affect the invoicing process. This article also provides information about how customer and vendor invoices are processed for these countries/regions.

Scenario	Countries/regions	Description of the functionality changes
Accounts payable dates for VAT	Czech Republic, Spain	When goods are purchased from European Union (EU) countries/regions, there is an obligation of self-assessment of VAT: The output VAT must be paid in a VAT period where the invoice was issued (document date). The input VAT can’t be deducted before the document receipt (VAT register date). The following settings should be configured to support this scenario: On the Accounts payable parameters page, enable the Intra-community VAT and Document date for intra-community VAT parameters. Set up two sales tax codes, one that has a positive sales tax percentage and one that has a negative sales tax percentage. Set up a sales tax group that includes both the positive and negative sales tax codes. For the negative sales tax code, set the Intracommunity VAT parameter to Yes. After successful setup, purchases will have two posted sales tax transactions: A positive transaction that has a direction of sales tax receivable and a VAT register date that equals the date from the invoice posting page. A negative transaction that has a direction of sales tax payable and a VAT register date that equals the document date.
Modify a sales document date.	All Eastern European countries/regions	You can modify the Document date field on a project invoice. This date appears on the printed invoice. There is also a Document date field on the Posting invoice and Free text invoice pages. After you post an invoice, the document date appears on the invoice header.
Document date for exchange rates	Poland, Hungary, Czech Republic, Italy	Legislation provides different rules for selecting valid exchange rates for business transactions. In the Exchange rate date field on the Accounts receivable parameters and Accounts payable parameters pages, you can select the date that should be used for amounts in the accounting currency calculation on purchase and sales documents. During data entry, the system retrieves the exchange rate for the transaction, based on this parameter. NOTE: For Italy, this functionality is only applicable in the Accounts payable module. In the Accounts payable parameters, a user can select Posting date or Document date in the Exchange rate date field. When you set the Exchange rate date field to Document date (for EU trade only), the system uses the sales tax group. For the sales tax group, there is a EU trade parameter on the General tab. If the EU trade option is set to Yes for the sales tax group, and if this sales tax group exists on the header of the document, the system retrieves the exchange rate based on the document date. If the EU trade option is set to No for this sales tax group, the system retrieves the exchange rate based on the posting date of the document. For Poland, in the Accounts receivable module, an additional Automatic date determination value of this parameter is available. When selected, the system automatically selects the earliest date from the invoice posting date, sales date, and payment dates.
Trade dates, VAT register dates, and document and VAT date control	Poland, Hungary, Czech Republic	The sales date and the document receipt date are required for VAT reporting: The sales date is the fulfillment date of the transaction in Accounts receivable. The document receipt date is a date that demonstrates the rights to claim a VAT deduction in Accounts payable. Each document that is received has a date for audit purposes. The Hungarian functionality for date deadlines, the Czech Republic functionality for fulfill dates, and the Polish functionality for the VAT register date include the requirement for tax information reporting that is based on a date that differs from the posting date. The Date of VAT register field supports this requirement and appears on more than 20 pages. These pages include journals, sales orders, purchase orders, free-text invoices, vendor invoice journals, and project invoices. When you update or post the documents, all taxes are posted by using the corresponding date of the VAT register, and the date is included on pages such as the customer and vendor invoice journals pages. Specifically, for the Czech Republic, the VAT register date field can be blank during posting, in the event of postponed VAT posting. Otherwise, the field is mandatory and must be filled in. Date validation parameters can be set on the Sales tax groups page: The Date of VAT register filling and Sales date filling parameters are used as a default filling method for appropriate dates. Manual input and several automated input methods are also available. The Mandatory sales date field indicates whether the sales date must be entered before a sales invoice is posted. On the VAT Register transactions page, you can fill in blank dates for the VAT register for posted tax transactions.
VAT register dates that include deferred tax	Hungary	Hungary tax regulations require that invoices be created at either the time of fulfillment or no later than 15 days after fulfillment. The fulfillment date is either the date when the ordered services were provided or the date when ordered items were delivered. When you update or post the documents, all taxes are posted by using the corresponding date of the VAT register, and the date appears on relevant pages. Additionally, regulations require that VAT on continuous delivery of services, such as renting, leasing, consulting, and heating, meet the following criteria: VAT must be posted to a dedicated general ledger account on the invoice date. VAT must be transferred from the special accounts to a sales tax receivable account or a payable account, and must be included in the VAT report on the due date. To support these requirements, you can transfer General ledger postings to the Deferred incoming tax account and the Deferred outgoing tax account. However, you must first complete the following prerequisites: Set up the Deferred VAT Payable and Deferred VAT Receivable ledger accounts in ledger posting groups. Enable the Deferred VAT parameter for item sales tax groups.
Mandatory VAT date	Poland	You can require that the date of the VAT register be included in purchase and sales transaction records. Therefore, the date of the VAT register can be captured before a transaction is posted. This functionality helps you avoid having to handle multiple transactions at the end of the period. You can make the Date of VAT register field mandatory when customer or vendor transactions are posted. To make this field mandatory, enable the VAT date is required option for the related customer or vendor account.