Items Documentation - minecraft:damage_absorption

It allows an item to absorb damage that would otherwise be dealt to its wearer. For this to happen, the item needs to be equipped in an armor slot. The absorbed damage reduces the item's durability, with any excess damage being ignored. Because of this, the item also needs a minecraft:durability component.

Damage Absorption Properties

Name	Default Value	Type	Description	Example Values
absorbable_causes	not set	Array of strings	List of damage causes that can be absorbed by the item. By default, no damage cause is absorbed. Value must have at least 1 items.