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Use HttpClient in OData Client

Applies To: # OData client v7 supportedOData Client V7 OData Client V7

In this session, we will dive into how to use HttpClient in OData client request. We will use the hook mechanism in OData client which has been introduced in Client Hooks in OData Client. See also Use Extensions in OData Client for a built-in implementation to bridge OData Client and Http Client.

OData client enables developers to customize a request message, and use it in DataServiceContext.Configurations.RequestPipeline.OnMessageCreating. This function will be triggered when creating a request message. It will return an IODataRequestMessage.

Following is the code on how to use OnMessageCreating.


	public void UseHttpClientTest()
    {
        DefaultContainer dataServiceContext = new DefaultContainer(new Uri("https://services.odata.org/V4/(S(uvf1y321yx031rnxmcbqmlxw))/TripPinServiceRW/"));

        dataServiceContext.Configurations.RequestPipeline.OnMessageCreating = (args) =>
            {
                var message = new HttpClientRequestMessage(args.ActualMethod) { Url = args.RequestUri, Method = args.Method, };
                foreach (var header in args.Headers)
                {
                    message.SetHeader(header.Key, header.Value);
                }

                return message;
            };
        var people = dataServiceContext.People.Execute();
        foreach (var p in people)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(p.FirstName);
        }
    }

In this sample, we create a HttpClientRequestMessage instance in OnMessageCreating method. HttpClientRequestMessage is a class derived from DataServiceClientRequestMessage. In this class, we use MemoryStream to write data, and use HttpClient to get response. Once we get the HttpResponseMessage, we will convert it to IODataResponseMessage. So we also write a HttpClientResponseMessage class which implements IODataResponseMessage.

	
	public class HttpClientRequestMessage : DataServiceClientRequestMessage
	{
		private readonly HttpRequestMessage requestMessage;
        private readonly HttpClient client;
        private readonly HttpClientHandler handler;
        private readonly MemoryStream messageStream;
        private readonly Dictionary<string, string> contentHeaderValueCache;

        public HttpClientRequestMessage(string actualMethod)
            : base(actualMethod)
        {
            this.requestMessage = new HttpRequestMessage();
            this.messageStream = new MemoryStream();
            this.handler = new HttpClientHandler();
            this.client = new HttpClient(this.handler, disposeHandler: true);
            this.contentHeaderValueCache = new Dictionary<string, string>();
        }

        public override IEnumerable<KeyValuePair<string, string>> Headers
        {
            get
            {
                if (this.requestMessage.Content != null)
                {
                    return HttpHeadersToStringDictionary(this.requestMessage.Headers).Concat(HttpHeadersToStringDictionary(this.requestMessage.Content.Headers));
                }

                return HttpHeadersToStringDictionary(this.requestMessage.Headers).Concat(this.contentHeaderValueCache);
            }
        }

        public override Uri Url
        {
            get { return requestMessage.RequestUri; }
            set { requestMessage.RequestUri = value; }
        }

        public override string Method
        {
            get { return this.requestMessage.Method.ToString(); }
            set { this.requestMessage.Method = new HttpMethod(value); }
        }

        public override ICredentials Credentials
        {
            get { return this.handler.Credentials; }
            set { this.handler.Credentials = value; }
        }

        public override int Timeout
        {
            get { return (int)this.client.Timeout.TotalSeconds; }
            set { this.client.Timeout = new TimeSpan(0, 0, value); }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Gets or sets a value that indicates whether to send data in segments to the Internet resource. 
        /// </summary>
        public override bool SendChunked
        {
            get
            {
                bool? transferEncodingChunked = this.requestMessage.Headers.TransferEncodingChunked;
                return transferEncodingChunked.HasValue && transferEncodingChunked.Value;
            }
            set { this.requestMessage.Headers.TransferEncodingChunked = value; }
        }

        public override string GetHeader(string headerName)
        {
            //Returns the value of the header with the given name.
        }

        public override void SetHeader(string headerName, string headerValue)
        {
            // Sets the value of the header with the given name
        }

        public override Stream GetStream()
        {
            return this.messageStream;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Abort the current request.
        /// </summary>
        public override void Abort()
        {
            this.client.CancelPendingRequests();
        }

        public override IAsyncResult BeginGetRequestStream(AsyncCallback callback, object state)
        {
            var taskCompletionSource = new TaskCompletionSource<Stream>();
            taskCompletionSource.TrySetResult(this.messageStream);
            return taskCompletionSource.Task.ToApm(callback, state);
        }

        public override Stream EndGetRequestStream(IAsyncResult asyncResult)
        {
            return ((Task<Stream>)asyncResult).Result;
        }

        public override IAsyncResult BeginGetResponse(AsyncCallback callback, object state)
        {
            var send = CreateSendTask();
            return send.ToApm(callback, state);
        }

        public override IODataResponseMessage EndGetResponse(IAsyncResult asyncResult)
        {
            var result = ((Task<HttpResponseMessage>)asyncResult).Result;
            return ConvertHttpClientResponse(result);
        }

        public override IODataResponseMessage GetResponse()
        {
            var send = CreateSendTask();
            send.Wait();
            return ConvertHttpClientResponse(send.Result);
        }

        private Task<HttpResponseMessage> CreateSendTask()
        {
            // Only set the message content if the stream has been written to, otherwise
            // HttpClient will complain if it's a GET request.
            var messageContent = this.messageStream.ToArray();
            if (messageContent.Length > 0)
            {
                this.requestMessage.Content = new ByteArrayContent(messageContent);

                // Apply cached "Content" header values
                foreach (var contentHeader in this.contentHeaderValueCache)
                {
                    this.requestMessage.Content.Headers.Add(contentHeader.Key, contentHeader.Value);
                }
            }

            this.requestMessage.Method = new HttpMethod(this.ActualMethod);

            var send = this.client.SendAsync(this.requestMessage);
            return send;
        }

        private static IDictionary<string, string> HttpHeadersToStringDictionary(HttpHeaders headers)
        {
            return headers.ToDictionary((h1) => h1.Key, (h2) => string.Join(",", h2.Value));
        }

        private static HttpClientResponseMessage ConvertHttpClientResponse(HttpResponseMessage response)
        {
            return new HttpClientResponseMessage(response);
        }
    }

    public static class TaskExtensionMethods
    {
        public static Task<TResult> ToApm<TResult>(this Task<TResult> task, AsyncCallback callback, object state)
        {
            var tcs = new TaskCompletionSource<TResult>(state);

            task.ContinueWith(
                delegate
                {
                    if (task.IsFaulted)
                    {
                        tcs.TrySetException(task.Exception.InnerExceptions);
                    }
                    else if (task.IsCanceled)
                    {
                        tcs.TrySetCanceled();
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        tcs.TrySetResult(task.Result);
                    }

                    if (callback != null)
                    {
                        callback(tcs.Task);
                    }
                },
                CancellationToken.None,
                TaskContinuationOptions.None,
                TaskScheduler.Default);

            return tcs.Task;
        }
    }


    public class HttpClientResponseMessage : IODataResponseMessage, IDisposable
    {
        private readonly IDictionary<string, string> headers;
        private readonly Func<Stream> getResponseStream;
        private readonly int statusCode;

    #if DEBUG
        /// <summary>set to true once the GetStream was called.</summary>
        private bool streamReturned;
    #endif

        public HttpClientResponseMessage(HttpResponseMessage httpResponse)
        {
            this.headers = HttpHeadersToStringDictionary(httpResponse.Headers);
            this.statusCode = (int)httpResponse.StatusCode;
            this.getResponseStream = () => { var task = httpResponse.Content.ReadAsStreamAsync(); task.Wait();  return task.Result; };
        }

        private static IDictionary<string, string> HttpHeadersToStringDictionary(HttpHeaders headers)
        {
            return headers.ToDictionary((h1) => h1.Key, (h2) => string.Join(",", h2.Value));
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Returns the collection of response headers.
        /// </summary>
        public virtual IEnumerable<KeyValuePair<string, string>> Headers
        {
            get { return this.headers; }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// The response status code.
        /// </summary>
        public virtual int StatusCode
        {
            get { return this.statusCode; }

            set { throw new NotSupportedException(); }
        }

        public virtual string GetHeader(string headerName)
        {
            string result;
            if (this.headers.TryGetValue(headerName, out result))
            {
                return result;
            }

            // Since the unintialized value of ContentLength header is -1, we need to return
            // -1 if the content length header is not present
            if (string.Equals(headerName, "Content-Length", StringComparison.Ordinal))
            {
                return "-1";
            }

            return null;
        }

        public virtual void SetHeader(string headerName, string headerValue)
        {
            if(String.IsNullOrEmpty(headerValue))
            {
                return;
            }
            if (this.headers.ContainsKey(headerName))
            {
                this.headers[headerName] = headerValue;
            }
            else
            {
                this.headers.Add(headerName, headerValue);
            }
        }

        public virtual Stream GetStream()
        {
    #if DEBUG
            Debug.Assert(!this.streamReturned, "The GetStream can only be called once.");
            this.streamReturned = true;
    #endif

            return this.getResponseStream();
        }
    }