equal_range

Article
12/01/2015

Given an ordered range, finds the subrange in which all elements are equivalent to a given value.

Syntax

template<class ForwardIterator, class Type>
   pair<ForwardIterator, ForwardIterator> equal_range(
      ForwardIterator first,
      ForwardIterator last, 
      const Type& val
   );
template<class ForwardIterator, class Type, class Predicate>
   pair<ForwardIterator, ForwardIterator> equal_range(
      ForwardIterator first,
      ForwardIterator last, 
      const Type& val, 
      Predicate comp
   );

Parameters

first
A forward iterator addressing the position of the first element in the range to be searched.
last
A forward iterator addressing the position one past the final element in the range to be searched.
val
The value being searched for in the ordered range.
comp
User-defined predicate function object that defines the sense in which one element is less than another.

Return Value

A pair of forward iterators that specify a subrange, contained within the range searched, in which all of the elements are equivalent to val in the sense defined by the binary predicate used (either comp or the default, less-than).

If no elements in the range are equivalent to val, the returned pair of forward iterators are equal and specify the point where val could be inserted without disturbing the order of the range.

Remarks

The first iterator of the pair returned by the algorithm is lower_bound, and the second iterator is upper_bound.

The range must be sorted according to the predicate provided to equal_range. For example, if you are going to use the greater-than predicate, the range must be sorted in descending order.

Elements in the possibly empty subrange defined by the pair of iterators returned by equal_range will be equivalent to val in the sense defined by the predicate used.

The complexity of the algorithm is logarithmic for random-access iterators and linear otherwise, with the number of steps proportional to (last – first).

Example

// alg_equal_range.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <functional>      // greater<int>()
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

template<class T> void dump_vector( const vector<T>& v, pair< typename vector<T>::iterator, typename vector<T>::iterator > range )
{
    // prints vector v with range delimited by [ and ]

    for( typename vector<T>::const_iterator i = v.begin(); i != v.end(); ++i )
    {
        if( i == range.first )
        {
            cout << "[ ";
        }
        if( i == range.second )
        {
            cout << "] ";
        }

        cout << *i << " ";
    }
    cout << endl;
}

template<class T> void equal_range_demo( const vector<T>& original_vector, T val )
{
    vector<T> v(original_vector);

    sort( v.begin(), v.end() );
    cout << "Vector sorted by the default binary predicate <:" << endl << '\t';
    for( vector<T>::const_iterator i = v.begin(); i != v.end(); ++i )
    {
        cout << *i << " ";
    }
    cout << endl << endl;

    pair< vector<T>::iterator, vector<T>::iterator > result
        = equal_range( v.begin(), v.end(), val );

    cout << "Result of equal_range with val = " << val << ":" << endl << '\t';
    dump_vector( v, result );
    cout << endl;
}

template<class T, class F> void equal_range_demo( const vector<T>& original_vector, T val, F pred, string predname )
{
    vector<T> v(original_vector);

    sort( v.begin(), v.end(), pred );
    cout << "Vector sorted by the binary predicate " << predname << ":" << endl << '\t';
    for( typename vector<T>::const_iterator i = v.begin(); i != v.end(); ++i )
    {
        cout << *i << " ";
    }
    cout << endl << endl;

    pair< typename vector<T>::iterator, typename vector<T>::iterator > result
        = equal_range( v.begin(), v.end(), val, pred );

    cout << "Result of equal_range with val = " << val << ":" << endl << '\t';
    dump_vector( v, result );
    cout << endl;
}

// Return whether absolute value of elem1 is less than absolute value of elem2
bool abs_lesser( int elem1, int elem2 )
{
    return abs(elem1) < abs(elem2);
}

// Return whether string l is shorter than string r
bool shorter_than(const string& l, const string& r)
{
    return l.size() < r.size();
}

int main()
{
    vector<int> v1;

    // Constructing vector v1 with default less than ordering
    for( int i = -1; i <= 4; ++i )
    {
        v1.push_back(i);
    }

    for( int i =-3; i <= 0; ++i )
    {
        v1.push_back( i );
    }

    equal_range_demo( v1, 3 );
    equal_range_demo( v1, 3, greater<int>(), "greater" );
    equal_range_demo( v1, 3, abs_lesser, "abs_lesser" );

    vector<string> v2;

    v2.push_back("cute");
    v2.push_back("fluffy");
    v2.push_back("kittens");
    v2.push_back("fun");
    v2.push_back("meowmeowmeow");
    v2.push_back("blah");

    equal_range_demo<string>( v2, "fred" );
    equal_range_demo<string>( v2, "fred", shorter_than, "shorter_than" );
}

Output

Vector sorted by the default binary predicate <:
        -3 -2 -1 -1 0 0 1 2 3 4

Result of equal_range with val = 3:
        -3 -2 -1 -1 0 0 1 2 [ 3 ] 4

Vector sorted by the binary predicate greater:
        4 3 2 1 0 0 -1 -1 -2 -3

Result of equal_range with val = 3:
        4 [ 3 ] 2 1 0 0 -1 -1 -2 -3

Vector sorted by the binary predicate abs_lesser:
        0 0 -1 1 -1 2 -2 3 -3 4

Result of equal_range with val = 3:
        0 0 -1 1 -1 2 -2 [ 3 -3 ] 4

Vector sorted by the default binary predicate <:
        blah cute fluffy fun kittens meowmeowmeow

Result of equal_range with val = fred:
        blah cute fluffy [ ] fun kittens meowmeowmeow

Vector sorted by the binary predicate shorter_than:
        fun cute blah fluffy kittens meowmeowmeow

Result of equal_range with val = fred:
        fun [ cute blah ] fluffy kittens meowmeowmeow

Requirements

Header: <algorithm>

Namespace: std

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