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Chinese Phonemes

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8/28/2008

The following tables define the Chinese language phoneme set:

PhoneID 1-100

Symbol PhoneID Example

-

1

Syllable boundary (hyphen)

!

2

Sentence terminator (exclamation mark)

&

3

word boundary

,

4

Sentence terminator (comma)

.

5

Sentence terminator (period)

?

6

Sentence terminator (question mark)

_

7

Silence (underscore)

+

8

primary stress

*

9

secondary stress

1

10

Tone 1

2

11

Tone 2

3

12

Tone 3

4

13

Tone 4

5

14

Tone 5

a

15

a 1 fei 1 (rogue)

ai

16

ai 4 ren 2 (lover)

an

17

an 1 quan 2 (safe)

ang

18

ang 1 zang 1 (dirty)

ao

19

jiao 1 ao 4 (proud)

ba

20

ba 4 ba 5 (dad)

bai

21

bai 2 se 4 (white)

ban

22

mu 4 ban 3 (board)

bang

23

bang 3 jia 4 (kidnap)

bao

24

yong 1 bao 4 (embrace)

bei

25

bei 3 fang 1 (north)

ben

26

ben 4 dan 4 (fool)

beng

27

beng 4 tiao 4 (jump)

bi

28

bi 2 zi 5 (nose)

bian

29

bian 4 hua 5 (change)

biao

30

biao 3 ge 2 (table)

bie

31

li 2 bie 2 (part with)

bin

32

bin 1 ke 4 (guest)

bing

33

shi 4 bing 1 (soldier)

bo

34

bo 2 dou 4 (wrestle)

bu

35

bu 4 xing 2 (walk)

ca

36

ca 1 gan 1 (wipe)

cai

37

cai 1 ce 4 (guess)

can

38

can 1 jia 1 (join)

cang

39

cang 1 ying 5 (fly)

cao

40

cao 1 chang 3 (playground)

ce

41

ce 4 liang 2 (measure)

cen

42

cen 1 ci 1 (uneven)

ceng

43

ceng 2 jing 1 (once)

cha

44

jian 3 cha 2 (check)

chai

45

chai 1 hui 3 (demolish)

chan

46

chan 3 ye 4 (industry)

chang

47

jing 1 chang 2 (often)

chao

48

chao 1 yue 4 (exceed)

che

49

qi 4 che 1 (automobile)

chen

50

chen 2 jiu 4 (old)

cheng

51

cheng 2 che 1 (ride)

chi

52

chi 2 dao 4 (late for)

chong

53

chong 1 man 3 (full of)

chou

54

chou 2 hen 4 (hatred)

chu

55

chu 2 fa 3 (division)

chuai

56

chuai 3 ce 4 (guess)

chuan

57

lun 2 chuan 2 (ship)

chuang

58

chuang 4 ye 4 (carve out)

chui

59

tie 3 chui 2 (hammer)

chun

60

chun 1 tian 1 (spring)

chuo

61

wo 4 chuo 4 (dirty)

ci

62

ci 2 qi 4 (porcelain)

cong

63

cong 2 lin 2 (thicket)

cou

64

jin 3 cou 4 (compact)

cu

65

cu 4 xiao 1 (sales promotion)

cuan

66

tao 2 cuan 4 (run away)

cui

67

cui 1 cu 4 (press)

cun

68

xiang 1 cun 1 (country/region)

cuo

69

cuo 4 wu 4 (error)

da

70

da 4 (big)

dai

71

dai 4 biao 3 (delegate)

dan

72

dan 4 shi 4 (but)

dang

73

dang 1 ran 2 (sure)

dao

74

dao 1 (knife)

de

75

de 5 (function word)

dei

76

dei 3 (must)

den

77

den 4 (yank)

deng

78

ban 3 deng 4 (wooden stool)

di

79

di 2 que 4 (certainly)

dia

80

dia 3 (coquetry voice)

dian

81

dian 3 (dot)

diao

82

diao 4 (hang)

die

83

die 1 dao 3 (tumble)

ding

84

jue 2 ding 4 (decide)

diu

85

diu 1 qi 4 (discard)

dong

86

dong 1 fang 1 (east)

dou

87

zhan 4 dou 4 (struggle)

du

88

du 4 jue 2 (stop)

duan

89

duan 3 (short)

dui

90

dui 4 (right)

dun

91

ting 2 dun 4 (halt)

duo

92

duo 1 yu 2 (unnecessary)

e

93

e 4 (hungry)

ei

94

ei 4 (yes)

en

95

en 1 hui 4 (favor)

er

96

er 3 (ear)

fa

97

fa 1 zhan 3 (development)

fan

98

fan 4 (rice)

fang

99

fang 2 jian 1 (room)

fei

100

fei 1 (fly)

PhoneID 101-200

Symbol PhoneID Example

fen

101

fen 1 bie 2 (separate)

feng

102

feng 1 (wind)

fo

103

fo 2 (buddha)

fou

104

fou 3 ding 4 (denial)

fu

105

fu 4 qin 1 (father)

ga

106

gan 1 ga 4 (awkward)

gai

107

ying 1 gai 1 (should)

gan

108

gan 1 jing 4 (neatness)

gang

109

gang 1 cai 2 (just)

gao

110

gao 1 (tall)

ge

111

pin 3 ge 2 (character)

gei

112

gei 3 yu 3 (give)

gen

113

gen 1 (root)

geng

114

geng 4 jia 1 (much more)

gong

115

gong 1 ren 2 (worker)

gou

116

zu 2 gou 4 (enough)

gu

117

gu 4 xiang 1 (hometown)

gua

118

xi 1 gua 1 (watermelon)

guai

119

qi 2 guai 4 (oddness)

guan

120

guan 1 bi 4 (close)

guang

121

guang 1 (light)

gui

122

gui 3 (ghost)

gun

123

gun 4 (stick)

guo

124

guo 4 qu 4 (past)

ha

125

ha 1 (sound of laugh)

hai

126

hai 2 zi 5 (child)

han

127

chu 1 han 4 (sweat)

hang

128

hang 2 xing 2 (sail)

hao

129

hao 3 (good)

he

130

he 2 (river)

hei

131

hei 1 (black)

hen

132

hen 3 (very)

heng

133

heng 2 xiang 4 (landscape orientation)

hong

134

hong 2 (red)

hou

135

hou 2 zi 5 (monkey)

hu

136

hu 2 xu 1 (beard)

hua

137

hua 4 (picture)

huai

138

huai 4 (bad)

huan

139

huan 2 jing 4 (environment)

huang

140

huang 2 se 4 (yellow)

hui

141

hui 1 huang 2 (refulgence)

hun

142

hun 2 zhuo 2 (muddy)

huo

143

huo 3 (fire)

ji

144

ji 2 shi 2 (in time)

jia

145

jia 4 qi 1 (holiday)

jian

146

jian 3 dan 1 (simple)

jiang

147

jiang 1 (river)

jiao

148

jiao 1 tong 1 (traffic)

jie

149

jie 2 ri 4 (feast)

jin

150

jin 3 zhang 1 (strain)

jing

151

gan 1 jing 4 (neatness)

jiong

152

jiong 3 po 4 (embarrassed)

jiu

153

jiu 3 (nine)

ju

154

ju 4 zi 5 (sentence)

juan

155

juan 3 qu 1 (curl)

jue

156

jue 2 ding 4 (decide)

jun

157

jun 1 dui 4 (army)

ka

158

ka 3 che 1 (truck)

kai

159

kai 3 xuan 2 (triumph)

kan

160

kan 4 (see)

kang

161

di 3 kang 4 (resist)

kao

162

kao 3 shi 4 (test)

ke

163

ke 3 (thirsty)

kei

164

kei 1 (scold)

ken

165

ken 3 ding 4 (affirm)

keng

166

keng 1 hai 4 (entrap)

kong

167

kong 1 qi 4 (air)

kou

168

kou 3 (mouth)

ku

169

jian 1 ku 3 (trial)

kua

170

kua 1 jiang 3 (praise)

kuai

171

kuai 4 (fast)

kuan

172

kuan 1 kuo 4 (openness)

kuang

173

kong 1 kuang 4 (void)

kui

174

kui 1 qian 4 (owe)

kun

175

kun 4 nan 2 (hard)

kuo

176

kuo 4 da 4 (enlarge)

la

177

la 4 jiao 1 (hot pepper)

lai

178

lai 2 (come)

lan

179

lan 2 se 4 (blue)

lang

180

lang 2 (wolf)

lao

181

lao 3 (old)

le

182

kuai 4 le 4 (happy)

lei

183

lei 2 (thunder)

leng

184

leng 3 ku 4 (steeliness)

li

185

li 2 (pear)

lia

186

lia 2 (two)

lian

187

lian 3 (face)

liang

188

li 4 liang 4 (power)

liao

189

zuo 2 liao 4 (seasoning)

lie

190

lin 3 lie 4 (severe)

lin

191

lin 3 lie 4 (severe)

ling

192

ling 2 mu 4 (mausoleum)

liu

193

liu 2 dong 4 (flow)

lo

194

lo 5 (function word)

long

195

long 2 (dragon)

lou

196

lou 4 (leak)

lu

197

lu 4 di 4 (land)

luan

198

hun 4 luan 4 (chaos)

lue

199

ce 4 lue 4 (tactic)

lun

200

yi 4 lun 4 (discuss)

PhoneID 201-300

Symbol PhoneID Example

luo

201

xia 4 luo 4 (whereabouts)

lv

202

lv 4 se 4 (green)

ma

203

ma 3 (horse)

mai

204

mai 2 zang 4 (bury)

man

205

man 3 zu 2 (satisfy)

mang

206

cong 1 mang 2 (hurry)

mao

207

mao 1 (cat)

me

208

shen 2 me 5 (what)

mei

209

mei 2 you 3 (no)

men

210

wo 3 men 2 (we)

meng

211

meng 4 (dream)

mi

212

hun 1 mi 2 (coma)

mian

213

mian 4 ji 5 (area)

miao

214

miao 4 (temple)

mie

215

mie 4 jue 2 (annihilation)

min

216

ren 2 min 2 (people)

ming

217

ming 2 bai 2 (clearness)

miu

218

huang 1 miu 4 (absurd)

mo

219

mo 4 shui 3 (ink)

mou

220

mou 2 lue 4 (trick)

mu

221

mu 4 biao 1 (target)

na

222

na 4 li 3 (there)

nai

223

nai 3 nai 5 (grandmother)

nan

224

nan 2 fang 1 (south)

nang

225

nang 2 kuo 4 (include)

nao

226

re 4 nao 4 (liveliness)

ne

227

mu 4 ne 4 (numb)

nei

228

nei 4 bu 4 (inside)

nen

229

nen 4 lv 4 (light green)

neng

230

neng 2 gou 4 (be capable of)

ni

231

ni 3 (you)

nian

232

nian 2 (year)

niang

233

gu 1 niang 5 (girl)

niao

234

niao 3 (bird)

nie

235

nie 4 (bite)

nin

236

nin 2 (you)

ning

237

an 1 ning 2 (peace)

niu

238

niu 2 (bull)

nong

239

nong 2 min 2 (farmer)

nou

240

nou 4 (weeding)

nu

241

nu 3 li 4 (try hard)

nuan

242

wen 1 nuan 3 (warm)

nue

243

nue 4 dai 4 (abuse)

nuo

244

nuo 4 yan 2 (promise)

nv

245

nv 3 zi 3 (woman)

o

246

o 5 (function word)

ou

247

ou 1 yang 2 (Chinese first name)

pa

248

hai 4 pa 4 (scare)

pai

249

pai 4 qian 3 (send)

pan

250

pan 4 tu 2 (betrayer)

pang

251

pang 2 da 4 (huge)

pao

252

pao 3 (run)

pei

253

pei 2 ban 4 (accompany)

pen

254

pen 2 di 4 (pan)

peng

255

peng 2 pai 4 (surge)

pi

256

pi 2 fu 1 (skin)

pian

257

qi 1 pian 4 (cheat)

piao

258

piao 4 liang 4 (pretty)

pie

259

pie 1 kai 1 (put aside)

pin

260

pin 2 fan 2 (frequency)

ping

261

ping 2 zi 5 (bottle)

po

262

po 4 huai 4 (damage)

pou

263

pou 2 (hold someting with cupped hand)

pu

264

pu 2 tao 5 (grape)

qi

265

qi 3 qiu 2 (beg)

qia

266

qia 4 dang 4 (proper)

qian

267

qian 1 xu 1 (humility)

qiang

268

qiang 2 da 4 (powerful)

qiao

269

qiao 3 miao 4 (artifice)

qie

270

xiu 1 qie 4 (shyness)

qin

271

qin 1 zi 4 (oneself)

qing

272

qing 1 song 1 (easy)

qiong

273

qiong 2 (poverty)

qiu

274

qiu 2 fan 4 (prisoner)

qu

275

qu 1 dong 4 (drive)

quan

276

quan 2 bu 4 (all)

que

277

que 4 ding 4 (ensure)

qun

278

qun 2 zhong 4 (crowd)

ran

279

ran 2 hou 4 (then)

rang

280

tu 3 rang 3 (soil)

rao

281

wei 2 rao 4 (surround)

re

282

re 4 (hot)

ren

283

ren 2 lei 4 (human being)

reng

284

reng 2 ran 2 (all the same)

ri

285

ri 4 chu 1 (sunrise)

rong

286

rong 2 yao 4 (glory)

rou

287

niu 2 rou 4 (beef)

ru

288

ru 2 guo 3 (if)

ruan

289

rou 2 ruan 3 (soft)

rui

290

rui 4 zhi 4 (smart)

run

291

shi 1 run 4 (wetness)

ruo

292

ruo 4 xiao 3 (puniness)

sa

293

sa 1 (three)

sai

294

bi 3 sai 4 (compete)

san

295

fen 1 san 4 (disperse)

sang

296

sang 4 (die)

sao

297

da 3 sao 3 (sweep)

se

298

yan 2 se 4 (color)

sen

299

sen 1 lin 2 (forest)

seng

300

seng 1 lv 3 (monk)

PhoneID 301-400

Symbol PhoneID Example

sha

301

sha 1 chang 3 (battlefield)

shai

302

ri 4 shai 4 (be exposed to the sun)

shan

303

shan 4 liang 2 (goodness)

shang

304

shang 4 mian 4 (top)

shao

305

shao 4 nian 2 (youth)

she

306

she 2 (snake)

shei

307

shei 2 (who)

shen

308

shen 2 me 5 (what)

sheng

309

sheng 1 yin 1 (voice)

shi

310

shi 4 fei 1 (dispute)

shou

311

shou 3 (hand)

shu

312

shu 4 mu 4 (tree)

shua

313

shua 1 zi 5 (brush)

shuai

314

shuai 1 da 3 (beat)

shuan

315

men 2 shuan 1 (latch)

shuang

316

shuang 1 (pair)

shui

317

shui 3 (water)

shun

318

shun 4 li 4 (all right)

shuo

319

shuo 1 (say)

si

320

si 4 (four)

song

321

song 4 bie 2 (send-off)

sou

322

sou 1 cha 2 (search)

su

323

su 4 du 4 (speed)

suan

324

suan 4 fa 3 (arithmetic)

sui

325

sui 1 ran 2 (though)

sun

326

sun 3 shi 1 (loss)

suo

327

suo 3 yi 3 (so)

ta

328

ta 1 men 2 (they)

tai

329

tai 4 (too)

tan

330

tan 2 hua 4 (talk)

tang

331

tang 2 (sugar)

tao

332

tao 2 pao 3 (flee)

te

333

te 4 bie 2 (special)

tei

334

tei 1 (very)

teng

335

ben 1 teng 2 (riot)

ti

336

ti 1 zi 5 (ladder)

tian

337

tian 1 (sky)

tiao

338

tiao 4 yue 4 (jump)

tie

339

tie 3 (iron)

ting

340

ting 1 (listen)

tong

341

tong 3 yi 1 (unify)

tou

342

tou 2 (head)

tu

343

tu 3 di 4 (earth)

tuan

344

tuan 2 jie 2 (solidify)

tui

345

tui 1 dong 4 (push)

tun

346

tun 2 ji 1 (store up)

tuo

347

tuo 1 yi 1 (undress)

wa

348

qing 1 wa 1 (frog)

wai

349

wai 4 mian 4 (outside)

wan

350

wan 4 (ten thousands)

wang

351

si 3 wang 2 (death)

wei

352

wei 3 da 4 (great)

wen

353

wen 2 hua 4 (culture)

weng

354

lao 3 weng 1 (oldman)

wo

355

wo 3 (I)

wu

356

wu 2 lun 4 (no matter what)

xi

357

xi 1 fang 1 (west)

xia

358

xia 4 mian 4 (bottom)

xian

359

xian 4 zai 4 (now)

xiang

360

xiang 4 (like)

xiao

361

xiao 3 (small)

xie

362

xie 3 (write)

xin

363

xin 1 (new)

xing

364

xing 2 dong 4 (act)

xiong

365

xiong 2 (bear)

xiu

366

xiu 1 xi 5 (break)

xu

367

xu 1 yao 4 (need)

xuan

368

xuan 1 bu 4 (declare)

xue

369

xue 3 (snow)

xun

370

xun 2 wen 4 (ask for)

ya

371

ya 4 zhou 1 (Asia)

yan

372

yan 4 zi 5 (swallow)

yang

373

tai 4 yang 2 (sun)

yao

374

yao 1 qiu 2 (require)

ye

375

ye 2 ye 5 (grandfather)

yi

376

yi 1 (one)

yin

377

yin 1 yue 4 (music)

ying

378

ying 1 gai 1 (should)

yo

379

yo 5 (function word)

yong

380

yong 3 yuan 3 (forever)

you

381

you 2 yu 2 (due to)

yu

382

yu 2 (fish)

yuan

383

yuan 2 lai 2 (formerly)

yue

384

yue 4 (month)

yun

385

yun 2 (cloud)

za

386

za 2 luan 4 (disorder)

zai

387

zai 4 jian 4 (farewell)

zan

388

zan 2 men 5 (our)

zang

389

ang 1 zang 1 (dirty)

zao

390

zao 3 chen 2 (morning)

ze

391

ze 2 ren 4 (response)

zei

392

zei 2 (thief)

zen

393

zan 4 yang 2 (praise)

zeng

394

zeng 1 jia 1 (add)

zha

395

zha 4 dan 4 (bomb)

zhai

396

qian 4 zhai 4 (owe)

zhan

397

zhan 4 li 4 (stand)

zhang

398

zhang 1 kai 1 (open)

zhao

399

zhao 1 huan 4 (summon)

zhe

400

zhe 4 li 3 (here)

PhoneID 401-422

Symbol PhoneID Example

zhei

401

zhei 5 (this)

zhen

402

zhen 1 zheng 4 (real)

zheng

403

zheng 4 yi 4 (justice)

zhi

404

yi 4 zhi 4 (restrain)

zhong

405

zhong 1 guo 2 (China)

zhou

406

si 4 zhou 1 (around)

zhu

407

zhu 1 (pig)

zhua

408

zhua 1 (grab)

zhuai

409

zhuai 4 (pull)

zhuan

410

zhuan 1 (brick)

zhuang

411

zhuang 1 (pretend)

zhui

412

zhui 1 (chase)

zhun

413

zhun 3 (precise)

zhuo

414

zhuo 1 (table)

zi

415

zi 4 (character)

zong

416

zong 3 (total)

zou

417

zou 3 (walk)

zu

418

zu 1 (rent)

zuan

419

zuan 4 (diamond)

zui

420

zui 4 (most)

zun

421

zun 1 (respect)

zuo

422

zuo 4 (sit)

See Also

Concepts

International Phoneme Representation
Japanese Phonemes