Quickstart: Use Python to connect and query data in Azure Database for MySQL

Article
06/20/2022

APPLIES TO: Azure Database for MySQL - Single Server

Important

Azure Database for MySQL single server is on the retirement path. We strongly recommend that you upgrade to Azure Database for MySQL flexible server. For more information about migrating to Azure Database for MySQL flexible server, see What's happening to Azure Database for MySQL Single Server?

In this quickstart, you connect to an Azure Database for MySQL by using Python. You then use SQL statements to query, insert, update, and delete data in the database from Mac, Ubuntu Linux, and Windows platforms.

Prerequisites

For this quickstart you need:

An Azure account with an active subscription. Create an account for free.
Create an Azure Database for MySQL single server using Azure portal
or Azure CLI if you do not have one.
Based on whether you are using public or private access, complete ONE of the actions below to enable connectivity.

Action Connectivity method How-to guide

Configure firewall rules Public Portal
CLI

Configure Service Endpoint Public Portal
CLI

Configure private link Private Portal
CLI
Create a database and non-admin user

Action	Connectivity method	How-to guide
Configure firewall rules	Public	Portal CLI
Configure Service Endpoint	Public	Portal CLI
Configure private link	Private	Portal CLI

Install Python and the MySQL connector

Install Python and the MySQL connector for Python on your computer by using the following steps:

Note

This quickstart is using MySQL Connector/Python Developer Guide.

Download and install Python 3.7 or above for your OS. Make sure to add Python to your PATH, because the MySQL connector requires that.
Open a command prompt or bash shell, and check your Python version by running python -V with the uppercase V switch.
The pip package installer is included in the latest versions of Python. Update pip to the latest version by running pip install -U pip.

If pip isn't installed, you can download and install it with get-pip.py. For more information, see Installation.
Use pip to install the MySQL connector for Python and its dependencies:
```
pip install mysql-connector-python
```

Get connection information

Get the connection information you need to connect to Azure Database for MySQL from the Azure portal. You need the server name, database name, and login credentials.

Sign in to the Azure portal.
In the portal search bar, search for and select the Azure Database for MySQL server you created, such as mydemoserver.
From the server's Overview page, make a note of the Server name and Server admin login name. If you forget your password, you can also reset the password from this page.

Running the Python code samples

For each code example in this article:

Create a new file in a text editor.
Add the code example to the file. In the code, replace the <mydemoserver>, <myadmin>, <mypassword>, and <mydatabase> placeholders with the values for your MySQL server and database.
SSL is enabled by default on Azure Database for MySQL servers. You may need to download the DigiCertGlobalRootG2 SSL certificate to connect from your local environment. Replace the ssl_ca value in the code with path to this file on your computer.
Save the file in a project folder with a .py extension, such as C:\pythonmysql\createtable.py or /home/username/pythonmysql/createtable.py.
To run the code, open a command prompt or bash shell and change directory into your project folder, for example cd pythonmysql. Type the python command followed by the file name, for example python createtable.py, and press Enter.

Note

On Windows, if python.exe is not found, you may need to add the Python path into your PATH environment variable, or provide the full path to python.exe, for example C:\python27\python.exe createtable.py.

Step 1: Create a table and insert data

Use the following code to connect to the server and database, create a table, and load data by using an INSERT SQL statement.The code imports the mysql.connector library, and uses the method:

connect() function to connect to Azure Database for MySQL using the arguments in the config collection.
cursor.execute() method executes the SQL query against the MySQL database.
cursor.close() when you are done using a cursor.
conn.close() to close the connection the connection.

import mysql.connector
from mysql.connector import errorcode

# Obtain connection string information from the portal

config = {
  'host':'<mydemoserver>.mysql.database.azure.com',
  'user':'<myadmin>@<mydemoserver>',
  'password':'<mypassword>',
  'database':'<mydatabase>',
  'client_flags': [mysql.connector.ClientFlag.SSL],
  'ssl_ca': '<path-to-SSL-cert>/DigiCertGlobalRootG2.crt.pem'
}

# Construct connection string

try:
   conn = mysql.connector.connect(**config)
   print("Connection established")
except mysql.connector.Error as err:
  if err.errno == errorcode.ER_ACCESS_DENIED_ERROR:
    print("Something is wrong with the user name or password")
  elif err.errno == errorcode.ER_BAD_DB_ERROR:
    print("Database does not exist")
  else:
    print(err)
else:
  cursor = conn.cursor()

  # Drop previous table of same name if one exists
  cursor.execute("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS inventory;")
  print("Finished dropping table (if existed).")

  # Create table
  cursor.execute("CREATE TABLE inventory (id serial PRIMARY KEY, name VARCHAR(50), quantity INTEGER);")
  print("Finished creating table.")

  # Insert some data into table
  cursor.execute("INSERT INTO inventory (name, quantity) VALUES (%s, %s);", ("banana", 150))
  print("Inserted",cursor.rowcount,"row(s) of data.")
  cursor.execute("INSERT INTO inventory (name, quantity) VALUES (%s, %s);", ("orange", 154))
  print("Inserted",cursor.rowcount,"row(s) of data.")
  cursor.execute("INSERT INTO inventory (name, quantity) VALUES (%s, %s);", ("apple", 100))
  print("Inserted",cursor.rowcount,"row(s) of data.")

  # Cleanup
  conn.commit()
  cursor.close()
  conn.close()
  print("Done.")

Step 2: Read data

Use the following code to connect and read the data by using a SELECT SQL statement. The code imports the mysql.connector library, and uses cursor.execute() method executes the SQL query against the MySQL database.

The code reads the data rows using the fetchall() method, keeps the result set in a collection row, and uses a for iterator to loop over the rows.

import mysql.connector
from mysql.connector import errorcode

# Obtain connection string information from the portal

config = {
  'host':'<mydemoserver>.mysql.database.azure.com',
  'user':'<myadmin>@<mydemoserver>',
  'password':'<mypassword>',
  'database':'<mydatabase>',
  'client_flags': [mysql.connector.ClientFlag.SSL],
  'ssl_ca': '<path-to-SSL-cert>/DigiCertGlobalRootG2.crt.pem'
}

# Construct connection string

try:
   conn = mysql.connector.connect(**config)
   print("Connection established")
except mysql.connector.Error as err:
  if err.errno == errorcode.ER_ACCESS_DENIED_ERROR:
    print("Something is wrong with the user name or password")
  elif err.errno == errorcode.ER_BAD_DB_ERROR:
    print("Database does not exist")
  else:
    print(err)
else:
  cursor = conn.cursor()

  # Read data
  cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM inventory;")
  rows = cursor.fetchall()
  print("Read",cursor.rowcount,"row(s) of data.")

  # Print all rows
  for row in rows:
  	print("Data row = (%s, %s, %s)" %(str(row[0]), str(row[1]), str(row[2])))

  # Cleanup
  conn.commit()
  cursor.close()
  conn.close()
  print("Done.")

Step 3: Update data

Use the following code to connect and update the data by using an UPDATE SQL statement. The code imports the mysql.connector library, and uses cursor.execute() method executes the SQL query against the MySQL database.

import mysql.connector
from mysql.connector import errorcode

# Obtain connection string information from the portal

config = {
  'host':'<mydemoserver>.mysql.database.azure.com',
  'user':'<myadmin>@<mydemoserver>',
  'password':'<mypassword>',
  'database':'<mydatabase>',
  'client_flags': [mysql.connector.ClientFlag.SSL],
  'ssl_ca': '<path-to-SSL-cert>/DigiCertGlobalRootG2.crt.pem'
}

# Construct connection string

try:
   conn = mysql.connector.connect(**config)
   print("Connection established")
except mysql.connector.Error as err:
  if err.errno == errorcode.ER_ACCESS_DENIED_ERROR:
    print("Something is wrong with the user name or password")
  elif err.errno == errorcode.ER_BAD_DB_ERROR:
    print("Database does not exist")
  else:
    print(err)
else:
  cursor = conn.cursor()

  # Update a data row in the table
  cursor.execute("UPDATE inventory SET quantity = %s WHERE name = %s;", (300, "apple"))
  print("Updated",cursor.rowcount,"row(s) of data.")

  # Cleanup
  conn.commit()
  cursor.close()
  conn.close()
  print("Done.")

Step 4: Delete data

Use the following code to connect and remove data by using a DELETE SQL statement. The code imports the mysql.connector library, and uses cursor.execute() method executes the SQL query against the MySQL database.

import mysql.connector
from mysql.connector import errorcode

# Obtain connection string information from the portal

config = {
  'host':'<mydemoserver>.mysql.database.azure.com',
  'user':'<myadmin>@<mydemoserver>',
  'password':'<mypassword>',
  'database':'<mydatabase>',
  'client_flags': [mysql.connector.ClientFlag.SSL],
  'ssl_ca': '<path-to-SSL-cert>/DigiCertGlobalRootG2.crt.pem'
}

# Construct connection string

try:
   conn = mysql.connector.connect(**config)
   print("Connection established")
except mysql.connector.Error as err:
  if err.errno == errorcode.ER_ACCESS_DENIED_ERROR:
    print("Something is wrong with the user name or password")
  elif err.errno == errorcode.ER_BAD_DB_ERROR:
    print("Database does not exist")
  else:
    print(err)
else:
  cursor = conn.cursor()

  # Delete a data row in the table
  cursor.execute("DELETE FROM inventory WHERE name=%(param1)s;", {'param1':"orange"})
  print("Deleted",cursor.rowcount,"row(s) of data.")
  
  # Cleanup
  conn.commit()
  cursor.close()
  conn.close()
  print("Done.")

Clean up resources

To clean up all resources used during this quickstart, delete the resource group using the following command:

az group delete \
    --name $AZ_RESOURCE_GROUP \
    --yes

Next steps

Manage Azure Database for MySQL server using Portal

Manage Azure Database for MySQL server using CLI

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