How to: Create an Add-In That Is a UI
This example shows how to create an add-in that is a Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF) user interface (UI) which is hosted by a WPF standalone application.
The add-in is a UI that is a WPF user control. The content of the user control is a single button that, when clicked, displays a message box. The WPF standalone application hosts the add-in UI as the content of the main application window.
Prerequisites
This example highlights the WPF extensions to the .NET Framework add-in model that enable this scenario, and assumes the following:
Knowledge of the .NET Framework add-in model, including pipeline, add-in, and host development. If you are unfamiliar with these concepts, see Add-ins and Extensibility. For a tutorial that demonstrates the implementation of a pipeline, an add-in, and a host application, see Walkthrough: Creating an Extensible Application.
Knowledge of the WPF extensions to the .NET Framework add-in model, which can be found here: WPF Add-Ins Overview.
Example
To create an add-in that is a WPF UI requires specific code for each pipeline segment, the add-in, and the host application.
Implementing the Contract Pipeline Segment
When an add-in is a UI, the contract for the add-in must implement INativeHandleContract. In the example, IWPFAddInContract implements INativeHandleContract, as shown in the following code.
Imports System.AddIn.Contract ' INativeHandleContract
Imports System.AddIn.Pipeline ' AddInContractAttribute
Namespace Contracts
''' <summary>
''' Defines the services that an add-in will provide to a host application.
''' In this case, the add-in is a UI.
''' </summary>
<AddInContract>
Public Interface IWPFAddInContract
Inherits INativeHandleContract
Inherits IContract
End Interface
End Namespace
using System.AddIn.Contract; // INativeHandleContract
using System.AddIn.Pipeline; // AddInContractAttribute
namespace Contracts
{
/// <summary>
/// Defines the services that an add-in will provide to a host application.
/// In this case, the add-in is a UI.
/// </summary>
[AddInContract]
public interface IWPFAddInContract : INativeHandleContract {}
}
Implementing the Add-In View Pipeline Segment
Because the add-in is implemented as a subclass of the FrameworkElement type, the add-in view must also subclass FrameworkElement. The following code shows the add-in view of the contract, implemented as the WPFAddInView class.
Imports System.AddIn.Pipeline ' AddInBaseAttribute
Imports System.Windows.Controls ' UserControl
Namespace AddInViews
''' <summary>
''' Defines the add-in's view of the contract.
''' </summary>
<AddInBase>
Public Class WPFAddInView
Inherits UserControl
End Class
End Namespace
using System.AddIn.Pipeline; // AddInBaseAttribute
using System.Windows.Controls; // UserControl
namespace AddInViews
{
/// <summary>
/// Defines the add-in's view of the contract.
/// </summary>
[AddInBase]
public class WPFAddInView : UserControl { }
}
Here, the add-in view is derived from UserControl. Consequently, the add-in UI should also derive from UserControl.
Implementing the Add-In-Side Adapter Pipeline Segment
While the contract is an INativeHandleContract, the add-in is a FrameworkElement (as specified by the add-in view pipeline segment). Therefore, the FrameworkElement must be converted to an INativeHandleContract before crossing the isolation boundary. This work is performed by the add-in-side adapter by calling ViewToContractAdapter, as shown in the following code.
Imports System ' IntPtr
Imports System.AddIn.Contract ' INativeHandleContract
Imports System.AddIn.Pipeline ' AddInAdapterAttribute, FrameworkElementAdapters, ContractBase
Imports System.Security.Permissions
Imports AddInViews ' WPFAddInView
Imports Contracts ' IWPFAddInContract
Namespace AddInSideAdapters
''' <summary>
''' Adapts the add-in's view of the contract to the add-in contract
''' </summary>
<AddInAdapter>
Public Class WPFAddIn_ViewToContractAddInSideAdapter
Inherits ContractBase
Implements IWPFAddInContract
Private wpfAddInView As WPFAddInView
Public Sub New(ByVal wpfAddInView As WPFAddInView)
' Adapt the add-in view of the contract (WPFAddInView)
' to the contract (IWPFAddInContract)
Me.wpfAddInView = wpfAddInView
End Sub
''' <summary>
''' ContractBase.QueryContract must be overridden to:
''' * Safely return a window handle for an add-in UI to the host
''' application's application.
''' * Enable tabbing between host application UI and add-in UI, in the
''' "add-in is a UI" scenario.
''' </summary>
Public Overrides Function QueryContract(ByVal contractIdentifier As String) As IContract
If contractIdentifier.Equals(GetType(INativeHandleContract).AssemblyQualifiedName) Then
Return FrameworkElementAdapters.ViewToContractAdapter(Me.wpfAddInView)
End If
Return MyBase.QueryContract(contractIdentifier)
End Function
''' <summary>
''' GetHandle is called by the WPF add-in model from the host application's
''' application domain to to get the window handle for an add-in UI from the
''' add-in's application domain. GetHandle is called if a window handle isn't
''' returned by other means ie overriding ContractBase.QueryContract,
''' as shown above.
''' NOTE: This method requires UnmanagedCodePermission to be called
''' (full-trust by default), to prevent illegal window handle
''' access in partially trusted scenarios. If the add-in could
''' run in a partially trusted application domain
''' (eg AddInSecurityLevel.Internet), you can safely return a window
''' handle by overriding ContractBase.QueryContract, as shown above.
''' </summary>
<SecurityPermissionAttribute(SecurityAction.Demand, Flags:=SecurityPermissionFlag.UnmanagedCode)>
Public Function GetHandle() As IntPtr Implements INativeHandleContract.GetHandle
Return FrameworkElementAdapters.ViewToContractAdapter(Me.wpfAddInView).GetHandle()
End Function
End Class
End Namespace
using System; // IntPtr
using System.AddIn.Contract; // INativeHandleContract
using System.AddIn.Pipeline; // AddInAdapterAttribute, FrameworkElementAdapters, ContractBase
using System.Security.Permissions;
using AddInViews; // WPFAddInView
using Contracts; // IWPFAddInContract
namespace AddInSideAdapters
{
/// <summary>
/// Adapts the add-in's view of the contract to the add-in contract
/// </summary>
[AddInAdapter]
public class WPFAddIn_ViewToContractAddInSideAdapter : ContractBase, IWPFAddInContract
{
WPFAddInView wpfAddInView;
public WPFAddIn_ViewToContractAddInSideAdapter(WPFAddInView wpfAddInView)
{
// Adapt the add-in view of the contract (WPFAddInView)
// to the contract (IWPFAddInContract)
this.wpfAddInView = wpfAddInView;
}
/// <summary>
/// ContractBase.QueryContract must be overridden to:
/// * Safely return a window handle for an add-in UI to the host
/// application's application.
/// * Enable tabbing between host application UI and add-in UI, in the
/// "add-in is a UI" scenario.
/// </summary>
public override IContract QueryContract(string contractIdentifier)
{
if (contractIdentifier.Equals(typeof(INativeHandleContract).AssemblyQualifiedName))
{
return FrameworkElementAdapters.ViewToContractAdapter(this.wpfAddInView);
}
return base.QueryContract(contractIdentifier);
}
/// <summary>
/// GetHandle is called by the WPF add-in model from the host application's
/// application domain to to get the window handle for an add-in UI from the
/// add-in's application domain. GetHandle is called if a window handle isn't
/// returned by other means ie overriding ContractBase.QueryContract,
/// as shown above.
/// NOTE: This method requires UnmanagedCodePermission to be called
/// (full-trust by default), to prevent illegal window handle
/// access in partially trusted scenarios. If the add-in could
/// run in a partially trusted application domain
/// (eg AddInSecurityLevel.Internet), you can safely return a window
/// handle by overriding ContractBase.QueryContract, as shown above.
/// </summary>
[SecurityPermissionAttribute(SecurityAction.Demand, Flags = SecurityPermissionFlag.UnmanagedCode)]
public IntPtr GetHandle()
{
return FrameworkElementAdapters.ViewToContractAdapter(this.wpfAddInView).GetHandle();
}
}
}
In the add-in model where an add-in returns a UI (see How to: Create an Add-In That Returns a UI), the add-in adapter converted the FrameworkElement to an INativeHandleContract by calling ViewToContractAdapter. ViewToContractAdapter must also be called in this model, although you need to implement a method from which to write the code to call it. You do this by overriding QueryContract and implementing the code that calls ViewToContractAdapter if the code that is calling QueryContract is expecting an INativeHandleContract. In this case, the caller will be the host-side adapter, which is covered in a subsequent subsection.
Note
You also need to override QueryContract in this model to enable tabbing between host application UI and add-in UI. For more information, see "WPF Add-In Limitations" in WPF Add-Ins Overview.
Because the add-in-side adapter implements an interface that derives from INativeHandleContract, you also need to implement GetHandle, although this is ignored when QueryContract is overridden.
Implementing the Host View Pipeline Segment
In this model, the host application typically expects the host view to be a FrameworkElement subclass. The host-side adapter must convert the INativeHandleContract to a FrameworkElement after the INativeHandleContract crosses the isolation boundary. Because a method isn't being called by the host application to get the FrameworkElement, the host view must "return" the FrameworkElement by containing it. Consequently, the host view must derive from a subclass of FrameworkElement that can contain other UIs, such as UserControl. The following code shows the host view of the contract, implemented as the WPFAddInHostView class.
Imports System.Windows.Controls ' UserControl
Namespace HostViews
''' <summary>
''' Defines the host's view of the add-in
''' </summary>
Public Class WPFAddInHostView
Inherits UserControl
End Class
End Namespace
using System.Windows.Controls; // UserControl
namespace HostViews
{
/// <summary>
/// Defines the host's view of the add-in
/// </summary>
public class WPFAddInHostView : UserControl { }
}
Implementing the Host-Side Adapter Pipeline Segment
While the contract is an INativeHandleContract, the host application expects a UserControl (as specified by the host view). Consequently, the INativeHandleContract must be converted to a FrameworkElement after crossing the isolation boundary, before being set as content of the host view (which derives from UserControl).
This work is performed by the host-side adapter, as shown in the following code.
Imports System.AddIn.Contract ' INativeHandleContract
Imports System.AddIn.Pipeline ' HostAdapterAttribute, FrameworkElementAdapters, ContractHandle
Imports System.Windows ' FrameworkElement
Imports Contracts ' IWPFAddInContract
Imports HostViews ' WPFAddInHostView
Namespace HostSideAdapters
''' <summary>
''' Adapts the add-in contract to the host's view of the add-in
''' </summary>
<HostAdapter>
Public Class WPFAddIn_ContractToViewHostSideAdapter
Inherits WPFAddInHostView
Private wpfAddInContract As IWPFAddInContract
Private wpfAddInContractHandle As ContractHandle
Public Sub New(ByVal wpfAddInContract As IWPFAddInContract)
' Adapt the contract (IWPFAddInContract) to the host application's
' view of the contract (WPFAddInHostView)
Me.wpfAddInContract = wpfAddInContract
' Prevent the reference to the contract from being released while the
' host application uses the add-in
Me.wpfAddInContractHandle = New ContractHandle(wpfAddInContract)
' Convert the INativeHandleContract for the add-in UI that was passed
' from the add-in side of the isolation boundary to a FrameworkElement
Dim aqn As String = GetType(INativeHandleContract).AssemblyQualifiedName
Dim inhc As INativeHandleContract = CType(wpfAddInContract.QueryContract(aqn), INativeHandleContract)
Dim fe As FrameworkElement = CType(FrameworkElementAdapters.ContractToViewAdapter(inhc), FrameworkElement)
' Add FrameworkElement (which displays the UI provided by the add-in) as
' content of the view (a UserControl)
Me.Content = fe
End Sub
End Class
End Namespace
using System.AddIn.Contract; // INativeHandleContract
using System.AddIn.Pipeline; // HostAdapterAttribute, FrameworkElementAdapters, ContractHandle
using System.Windows; // FrameworkElement
using Contracts; // IWPFAddInContract
using HostViews; // WPFAddInHostView
namespace HostSideAdapters
{
/// <summary>
/// Adapts the add-in contract to the host's view of the add-in
/// </summary>
[HostAdapter]
public class WPFAddIn_ContractToViewHostSideAdapter : WPFAddInHostView
{
IWPFAddInContract wpfAddInContract;
ContractHandle wpfAddInContractHandle;
public WPFAddIn_ContractToViewHostSideAdapter(IWPFAddInContract wpfAddInContract)
{
// Adapt the contract (IWPFAddInContract) to the host application's
// view of the contract (WPFAddInHostView)
this.wpfAddInContract = wpfAddInContract;
// Prevent the reference to the contract from being released while the
// host application uses the add-in
this.wpfAddInContractHandle = new ContractHandle(wpfAddInContract);
// Convert the INativeHandleContract for the add-in UI that was passed
// from the add-in side of the isolation boundary to a FrameworkElement
string aqn = typeof(INativeHandleContract).AssemblyQualifiedName;
INativeHandleContract inhc = (INativeHandleContract)wpfAddInContract.QueryContract(aqn);
FrameworkElement fe = (FrameworkElement)FrameworkElementAdapters.ContractToViewAdapter(inhc);
// Add FrameworkElement (which displays the UI provided by the add-in) as
// content of the view (a UserControl)
this.Content = fe;
}
}
}
As you can see, the host-side adapter acquires the INativeHandleContract by calling the add-in-side adapter's QueryContract method (this is the point where the INativeHandleContract crosses the isolation boundary).
The host-side adapter then converts the INativeHandleContract to a FrameworkElement by calling ContractToViewAdapter. Finally, the FrameworkElement is set as the content of the host view.
Implementing the Add-In
With the add-in-side adapter and add-in view in place, the add-in can be implemented by deriving from the add-in view, as shown in the following code.
<addInViews:WPFAddInView
xmlns="https://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="https://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:addInViews="clr-namespace:AddInViews;assembly=AddInViews"
x:Class="WPFAddIn1.AddInUI">
<Grid>
<Button Click="clickMeButton_Click" Content="Click Me!" />
</Grid>
</addInViews:WPFAddInView>
Imports System.AddIn ' AddInAttribute
Imports System.Windows ' MessageBox, RoutedEventArgs
Imports AddInViews ' WPFAddInView
Namespace WPFAddIn1
''' <summary>
''' Implements the add-in by deriving from WPFAddInView
''' </summary>
<AddIn("WPF Add-In 1")>
Partial Public Class AddInUI
Inherits WPFAddInView
Public Sub New()
InitializeComponent()
End Sub
Private Sub clickMeButton_Click(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As RoutedEventArgs)
MessageBox.Show("Hello from WPFAddIn1")
End Sub
End Class
End Namespace
using System.AddIn; // AddInAttribute
using System.Windows; // MessageBox, RoutedEventArgs
using AddInViews; // WPFAddInView
namespace WPFAddIn1
{
/// <summary>
/// Implements the add-in by deriving from WPFAddInView
/// </summary>
[AddIn("WPF Add-In 1")]
public partial class AddInUI : WPFAddInView
{
public AddInUI()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
void clickMeButton_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
MessageBox.Show("Hello from WPFAddIn1");
}
}
}
From this example, you can see one interesting benefit of this model: add-in developers only need to implement the add-in (since it is the UI as well), rather than both an add-in class and an add-in UI.
Implementing the Host Application
With the host-side adapter and host view created, the host application can use the .NET Framework add-in model to open the pipeline and acquire a host view of the add-in. These steps are shown in the following code.
' Get add-in pipeline folder (the folder in which this application was launched from)
Dim appPath As String = Environment.CurrentDirectory
' Rebuild visual add-in pipeline
Dim warnings() As String = AddInStore.Rebuild(appPath)
If warnings.Length > 0 Then
Dim msg As String = "Could not rebuild pipeline:"
For Each warning As String In warnings
msg &= vbLf & warning
Next warning
MessageBox.Show(msg)
Return
End If
' Activate add-in with Internet zone security isolation
Dim addInTokens As Collection(Of AddInToken) = AddInStore.FindAddIns(GetType(WPFAddInHostView), appPath)
Dim wpfAddInToken As AddInToken = addInTokens(0)
Me.wpfAddInHostView = wpfAddInToken.Activate(Of WPFAddInHostView)(AddInSecurityLevel.Internet)
' Display add-in UI
Me.addInUIHostGrid.Children.Add(Me.wpfAddInHostView)
// Get add-in pipeline folder (the folder in which this application was launched from)
string appPath = Environment.CurrentDirectory;
// Rebuild visual add-in pipeline
string[] warnings = AddInStore.Rebuild(appPath);
if (warnings.Length > 0)
{
string msg = "Could not rebuild pipeline:";
foreach (string warning in warnings) msg += "\n" + warning;
MessageBox.Show(msg);
return;
}
// Activate add-in with Internet zone security isolation
Collection<AddInToken> addInTokens = AddInStore.FindAddIns(typeof(WPFAddInHostView), appPath);
AddInToken wpfAddInToken = addInTokens[0];
this.wpfAddInHostView = wpfAddInToken.Activate<WPFAddInHostView>(AddInSecurityLevel.Internet);
// Display add-in UI
this.addInUIHostGrid.Children.Add(this.wpfAddInHostView);
The host application uses typical .NET Framework add-in model code to activate the add-in, which implicitly returns the host view to the host application. The host application subsequently displays the host view (which is a UserControl) from a Grid.
The code for processing interactions with the add-in UI runs in the add-in's application domain. These interactions include the following:
Showing the MessageBox.
This activity is completely isolated from the host application.