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VoIP Components

Microsoft Office Communications Server 2007 and Microsoft Office Communications Server 2007 R2 will reach end of support on January 9, 2018. To stay supported, you will need to upgrade. For more information, see Resources to help you upgrade your Office 2007 servers and clients.

The principal components you need in order to enable VoIP are as follows:

  • Front End Server VoIP components

  • PSTN Integration components

  • Perimeter network VoIP components

Front End Server VoIP Components

The principal VoIP components located on Front End Servers are as follows:

  • Translation Service

  • Inbound Routing component

  • Outbound Routing component

  • Exchange UM Routing component

Translation Service

The Translation Service is the server component that is responsible for translating a dialed number into the E.164 format or another format, according to the normalization rules that are defined by the administrator. The Translation Service can translate to formats other than E.164 if your organization uses a private numbering system or uses a gateway or PBX that does not support E.164.

Inbound Routing Component

The Inbound Routing component handles incoming calls largely according to preferences that are specified by users on their Enterprise Voice clients. For example, users specify whether unanswered calls are forwarded or simply logged for notification. If call forwarding is enabled, users can specify whether unanswered calls should be forwarded to another number or to a Microsoft Exchange 2007 Unified Messaging server that has been configured to provide call answering. The Inbound Routing component is installed by default on all Standard Edition servers and Front End Servers.

Outbound Routing Component

The Outbound Routing component routes calls to PBX or PSTN destinations. It applies call authorization rules to callers and determines the optimal media gateway for routing each call. The Outbound Routing component is installed by default on all Standard Edition servers and Front End Servers.

The routing logic that is used by the Outbound Routing component is in large measure configured by network or telephony administrators according to the requirements of their organizations.

Exchange UM Routing Component

The Exchange UM routing component handles routing between Office Communications Server and servers running Microsoft Exchange Unified Messaging (UM), to integrate Office Communications Server with Unified Messaging features. For details about these features, see Exchange Unified Messaging.

Other Front End Server Components Required for VoIP

Other components residing on the Office Communications Server 2007 R2 Front End Server or Director that provide essential support for VoIP, but are not themselves VoIP components, include the following:

  • User Services. Perform reverse number lookup on the target phone number of each incoming call and match that number to the SIP URI of the destination user. Using this information, the Inbound Routing component distributes the call to that user’s registered SIP endpoints. User Services is a core component on all Front End Servers and Directors.

  • User Replicator. Extracts user phone numbers from Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS) and writes them to tables in the RTC database, where they are available to User Services and Address Book Server. User Replicator is a core component on all Front End Servers.

  • Address Book Server. Provides global address list information from Active Directory Domain Services to Microsoft Office Communicator clients. It also retrieves user and contact information from the RTC database, writes the information to the Address Book files, and then stores the files on a shared folder where they are downloaded by Office Communicator clients. The Address Book Server writes the information to the RTCAb database, which is used by the Address Book Web Query service to respond to user search queries from the 2007 R2 version of Communicator Mobile for Windows Mobile. It optionally normalizes enterprise user phone numbers that are written to the RTC database for the purpose of provisioning user contacts in Office Communicator. The Address Book Server is installed by default on all Front End Servers. The Address Book Web Query service is installed by default on all Web Components Servers.

PSTN Integration Components

An enterprise-grade VoIP solution must provide for calls to and from the PSTN without any decline in quality of service. In addition, users should not be aware of the underlying technology when they place and receive calls. From the user's perspective, a call between the Enterprise Voice infrastructure and the PSTN should seem like just another SIP session.

For PSTN connections, you can either deploy a media gateway or use SIP trunking.

Media Gateways

Media gateways are third-party devices that translate signaling and media between the Enterprise Voice infrastructure and a PSTN or a PBX. For a list of partners who work with Microsoft to provide devices that work with Office Communications Server, see the Microsoft Unified Communications Partners Web site at https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=125756. Office Communications Server supports three types of media gateways:

  • Basic Media Gateway. A basic media gateway requires the assistance of an Office Communications Server server role, the Mediation Server, to present a PSTN or PBX call to an Enterprise Voice client connection. The Mediation Server also presents calls from Enterprise Voice clients to the basic media gateway for routing to the PSTN or PBX.

  • Advanced Media Gateway. An advanced media gateway combines the functionality of a basic media gateway and that of the Mediation Server. An advanced media gateway does not require a separate Mediation Server to handle the signal and media translation that is necessary to present a PSTN or PBX call as an Enterprise Voice client connection.

  • Basic Hybrid Media Gateway. A basic hybrid media gateway collocates a basic media gateway with a Mediation Server on a single computer. The basic hybrid media gateway is available from Microsoft partners for Office Communications Server 2007 R2. It reduces installation and management overhead compared to deploying a basic media gateway and Mediation Server on separate computers.

SIP Trunking

As an alternative to using media gateways, you can connect your Enterprise Voice solution to the PSTN by using SIP trunking. The Office Communications Server 2007 R2 SIP trunking capability enables the following scenarios:

  • An enterprise user inside or outside the corporate firewall can make a local or long-distance call specified by an E.164-compliant number that is terminated on the PSTN as a service of the corresponding service provider.

  • Any PSTN subscriber can contact an enterprise user inside or outside the corporate firewall by dialing a Direct Inward Dialing (DID) number associated with that enterprise user.

The use of this deployment solution requires a SIP trunking service provider.

Mediation Server

The Mediation Server is a server role in Office Communications Server that provides signaling and media translation between the VoIP infrastructure and a basic media gateway or SIP trunking provider. A Mediation Server also links Office Communications Server with a PBX in both the departmental deployment and PBX integration topologies.

The Mediation Server is deployed as a stand-alone server inside the firewall. On the Office Communications Server side, Mediation Server listens on a single mutual TLS (MTLS) transport address. On the gateway side, Mediation Server listens on a single TCP or TLS transport address. TLS is recommended, but TCP is supported for gateways that do not support TLS.

The main functions of the Mediation Server are as follows:

  • Encrypting and decrypting SRTP on the Office Communications Server side

  • Translating SIP over TCP (for gateways that do not support TLS) to SIP over mutual TLS

  • Translating media streams between Office Communications Server and the media gateway

  • Connecting clients that are outside the network to internal ICE components, which enable media traversal of NAT and firewalls

  • Acting as an intermediary for call flows that a gateway does not support, such as calls from remote workers on an Enterprise Voice client

  • In deployments that include SIP trunking, working with the SIP trunking service provider to provide PSTN support, which eliminates the need for an IP-PSTN gateway

Figure 1 shows the signaling and media protocols that are used by the Mediation Server when communicating with a basic media gateway and the Enterprise Voice infrastructure.

Figure 1. Signaling and media protocols used by the Mediation Server

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From the perspective of the Enterprise Voice infrastructure, the combination of basic media gateway and Mediation Server appear as a single entity. Together, they are the logical and functional equivalent of an advanced media gateway. When advanced media gateways become available, enterprises that deploy them no longer have any need for a dedicated Mediation Server. Meanwhile, the basic hybrid media gateway provides an interim solution for organizations that prefer to avoid deploying and managing a gateway and Mediation Server separately.

Note that if you are using TCP or RTP/RTCP (instead of SRTP or SRTCP) on the network between the media gateway and the Mediation Server, it is recommended that this network be a secure private network.

Figure 2 shows the logical equivalent of an advanced media gateway and the combination of a basic media gateway and Mediation Server.

Figure 2. Equivalent media gateway topologies

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A typical organization supports multiple gateway–Mediation Server combinations, depending on the number of office locations, the number and distribution of Enterprise Voice users, network traffic, and performance requirements.

Perimeter Network Configuration for VoIP

Outside callers who use unified communications clients for individual or conference calls rely on Edge Servers for voice communication with coworkers.

On an Edge Server, the Access Edge service provides SIP signaling for calls from Office Communicator users who are outside your organization’s firewall. The A/V Edge service enables media traversal of NAT and firewalls. A caller who uses a UC client from outside the corporate firewall relies on the A/V Edge service for both individual and conference calls.

The A/V Authentication Service is collocated with, and provides authentication services for, the A/V Edge service. Outside users who attempt to connect to the A/V Edge service require an authentication token that is provided by the A/V Authentication Service before their calls can go through.