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Attrib

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Applies To: Windows Server 2003, Windows Server 2003 R2, Windows Server 2003 with SP1, Windows Server 2003 with SP2

Attrib

Displays, sets, or removes the read-only, archive, system, and hidden attributes assigned to files or directories. Used without parameters, attrib displays attributes of all files in the current directory.

Syntax

attrib [{+r | -r}] [{+a | -a}] [{+s | -s}] [{+h | -h}] [[Drive**:][Path] FileName] [/s**[/d]]

Parameters
  • +r
    Sets the read-only file attribute.
  • -r
    Clears the read-only file attribute.
  • +a
    Sets the archive file attribute.
  • -a
    Clears the archive file attribute.
  • +s
    Sets the system file attribute.
  • -s
    Clears the system file attribute.
  • +h
    Sets the hidden file attribute.
  • -h
    Clears the hidden file attribute.
  • [Drive:][Path] FileName
    Specifies the location and name of the directory, file, or set of files for which you want to display or change attributes. You can use wildcard characters (that is, ? and *) in the FileName parameter to display or change the attributes for a group of files.
  • /s
    Applies attrib and any command-line options to matching files in the current directory and all of its subdirectories.
  • /d
    Applies attrib and any command-line options to directories.
  • /?
    Displays help at the command prompt.
Remarks

  • Working with groups of files

    You can use wildcard characters (that is, ? and *) with the FileName parameter to display or change the attributes for a group of files. If a file has the system or hidden attribute set, you must clear these attributes before you can change any other attributes for that file.

  • Using the archive attribute

    The archive attribute (that is, +a) marks files that have changed since the last time they were backed up. The xcopy command uses archive attributes. For more information about archive attributes and xcopy, see Related Topics.

  • The attrib command, with different parameters, is available from the Recovery Console.

Examples

To display the attributes of a file named News86 located on the current drive, type:

attrib news86

To assign the read-only attribute to the file named Report.txt, type:

attrib +r report.txt

To remove the read-only attribute from files in the \Public\Jones directory on a disk in drive B and from files in any subdirectories of \Public\Jones, type:

attrib -r b:\public\jones\*.* /s

Consider a scenario where you want to give an associate a disk containing all files in the default directory on a disk in drive A, except files with the .bak extension. Because you can use xcopy to copy only those files marked with the archive attribute, you need to set the archive attribute for those files you want to copy. First, you need to set the archive attribute for all files on drive A. Second, you need to clear the archive attribute for those files with the .bak extension. For example, type:

attrib +a a:*.* attrib -a a:*.bak

Next, use xcopy to copy the files from the disk in drive A to the disk in drive B. The /a command-line option in the following command causes xcopy to copy only those files marked with the archive attribute. For example, type:

xcopy a: b: /a

If you want xcopy to clear each file's archive attribute after it copies the files, use the /m command-line option instead of /a. For example, type:

xcopy a: b: /m

Formatting legend

Format Meaning

Italic

Information that the user must supply

Bold

Elements that the user must type exactly as shown

Ellipsis (...)

Parameter that can be repeated several times in a command line

Between brackets ([])

Optional items

Between braces ({}); choices separated by pipe (|). Example: {even|odd}

Set of choices from which the user must choose only one

Courier font

Code or program output

See Also

Concepts

Command-line reference A-Z
Command shell overview
Dir
Copy
Xcopy