Fsutil: usn
Applies To: Windows Server 2003, Windows Server 2003 R2, Windows Server 2003 with SP1, Windows Server 2003 with SP2
Fsutil: usn
Typically used by support professionals. Manages the update sequence number (USN) change journal, which provides a persistent log of all changes made to files on the volume. As files, directories, and other NTFS objects are added, deleted, and modified, NTFS enters records into the USN change journal, one for each volume on the computer. Each record indicates the type of change and the object changed. New records are appended to the end of the stream.
Programs can consult the USN change journal to determine all the modifications made to a set of files. The USN change journal is much more efficient than checking time stamps or registering for file notifications. The USN change journal is enabled and used by the Indexing Service, File Replication service (FRS), Remote Installation Services (RIS), and Remote Storage.
Syntax
fsutil usn [createjournal] **m=**MaximumSize **a=**AllocationDelta VolumePathname
fsutil usn [deletejournal] {/D | /N} VolumePathname
fsutil usn [enumdata] FileRef LowUsn HighUsn VolumePathname
fsutil usn [queryjournal] VolumePathname
fsutil usn [readdata] FileName
Parameters
- createjournal
Creates a USN change journal.
- m= MaximumSize
Specifies the maximum size, in bytes, that NTFS allocates for the change journal.
- a= AllocationDelta
Specifies the size, in bytes, of memory allocation that is added to the end and removed from the beginning of the change journal.
- VolumePathname
Specifies the drive letter (followed by a colon).
- deletejournal
Deletes or disables an active USN change journal.
**Caution**
- Deleting the change journal impacts the File Replication service (FRS) and the Indexing Service, since it would require these services to perform a complete (and time consuming) scan of the volume. This in turn negatively impacts FRS SYSVOL replication and replication between DFS link alternates while the volume was being rescanned.
- /D
Disables an active USN change journal, and returns I/O control while the change journal is being disabled.
- /N
Disables an active USN change journal and returns I/O control only after the change journal is disabled.
- enumdata
Enumerates and lists the change journal entries between two specified boundaries.
- FileRef
Ordinal position within the files on the volume at which the enumeration is to begin.
- LowUsn
Lower boundary of the range of USN values used to filter which records are returned. Only records whose last change journal USN is between or equal to the LowUsn and HighUsn member values are returned.
- HighUsn
Upper boundary of the range of USN values used to filter which files are returned.
- queryjournal
Queries a volume's USN data to gather information about the current change journal, its records, and its capacity.
- readdata
Read the USN data for a file.
- FileName
Specifies the full path to the file including the file name and extension, for example C:\documents\filename.txt.
Remarks
Using createjournal
If a change journal already exists on a volume, the createjournal parameter updates the change journal's MaximumSize and AllocationDelta parameters. This allows you to expand the number of records that an active journal maintains without having to disable it.
Using **m=**MaximumSize
The change journal can grow larger than this target value, but the change journal is truncated at the next NTFS checkpoint to less than this value. NTFS examines the change journal and trims it when its size exceeds the value of MaximumSize plus the value of AllocationDelta. At NTFS checkpoints, the operating system writes records to the NTFS log file that allow NTFS to determine what processing is required to recover from a failure.
Using **a=**AllocationDelta
The change journal can grow to more than the sum of the values of MaximumSize and AllocationDelta before being trimmed.
Using deletejournal
Deleting or disabling an active change journal is very time consuming, because the system must access all the records in the master file table (MFT) and set the last USN attribute to zero. This process can take several minutes, and can continue after the system restarts, if necessary. During this process, the change journal is not considered active, nor is it disabled. While the system is disabling the journal, it cannot be accessed, and all journal operations return errors. You should use extreme care when disabling an active journal, because it adversely affects other applications using the journal.
Examples
To create a USN change journal on drive C, type:
fsutil usn createjournal m=1000 a=100 C:
To delete an active USN change journal on drive C, type:
fsutil usn deletejournal /D C:
To enumerate and list the change journal entries between two specified boundaries on drive C, type:
fsutil usn enumdata 1 0 1 C:
To query USN data for a volume on drive C, type:
fsutil usn queryjournal C:
To read the USN data for a file in the temp folder on drive C, type:
fsutil usn readdata C:\Temp\sample.txt
Formatting legend
| Format | Meaning |
|---|---|
Italic |
Information that the user must supply |
Bold |
Elements that the user must type exactly as shown |
Ellipsis (...) |
Parameter that can be repeated several times in a command line |
Between brackets ([]) |
Optional items |
Between braces ({}); choices separated by pipe (|). Example: {even|odd} |
Set of choices from which the user must choose only one |
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Code or program output |