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About Eventlogs

Short Description

Windows PowerShell creates a Windows event log that is named "Windows PowerShell" to record Windows PowerShell events. You can view this log in Event Viewer or by using cmdlets that get events, such as the Get-EventLog cmdlet. By default, Windows PowerShell engine and provider events are recorded in the event log, but you can use the event log preference variables to customize the event log. For example, you can add events about Windows PowerShell commands.

Long Description

The Windows PowerShell event log records details of Windows PowerShell operations, such as starting and stopping the program engine and starting and stopping the Windows PowerShell providers. You can also log details about Windows PowerShell commands.

The Windows PowerShell event log is in the Application and Services Logs group. The Windows PowerShell log is a classic event log that does not use the Windows Eventing technology. To view the log, use the cmdlets designed for classic event logs, such as Get-EventLog.

Viewing the Windows PowerShell Event Log

You can view the Windows PowerShell event log in Event Viewer or by using the Get-EventLog and Get-WmiObject cmdlets. To view the contents of the Windows PowerShell log, type:

Get-EventLog -LogName "Windows PowerShell"

To examine the events and their properties, use the Sort-Object cmdlet, the Group-Object cmdlet, and the cmdlets that contain the Format verb (the Format cmdlets).

For example, to view the events in the log grouped by the event ID, type:

Get-EventLog "Windows PowerShell" | Format-Table -GroupBy EventID

Or, type:

Get-EventLog "Windows PowerShell" |
  Sort-Object EventID |
  Group-Object EventID

To view all the classic event logs, type:

Get-EventLog -List

You can also use the Get-WmiObject cmdlet to use the event-related Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) classes to examine the event log. For example, to view all the properties of the event log file, type:

Get-WmiObject Win32_NTEventlogFile |
  where LogFileName -EQ "Windows PowerShell" |
  Format-List -Property *

To find the Win32 event-related WMI classes, type:

Get-WmiObject -List | where Name -Like "win32*event*"

For more information, type "Get-Help Get-EventLog" and "Get-Help Get-WmiObject".

Selecting Events for the Windows PowerShell Event Log

You can use the event log preference variables to determine which events are recorded in the Windows PowerShell event log.

There are six event log preference variables; two variables for each of the three logging components: the engine (the Windows PowerShell program), the providers, and the commands. The LifeCycleEvent variables log normal starting and stopping events. The Health variables log error events.

The following table lists the event log preference variables.

Variable Description
$LogEngineLifeCycleEvent Logs the start and stop of PowerShell
$LogEngineHealthEvent Logs PowerShell program errors
$LogProviderLifeCycleEvent Logs the start and stop of PowerShell providers
$LogProviderHealthEvent Logs PowerShell provider errors
$LogCommandLifeCycleEvent Logs the starting and completion of commands
$LogCommandHealthEvent Logs command errors

(For information about Windows PowerShell providers, see about_Providers.)

By default, only the following event types are enabled:

  • $LogEngineLifeCycleEvent
  • $LogEngineHealthEvent
  • $LogProviderLifeCycleEvent
  • $LogProviderHealthEvent

To enable an event type, set the preference variable for that event type to $true. For example, to enable command life-cycle events, type:

$LogCommandLifeCycleEvent

Or, type:

$LogCommandLifeCycleEvent = $true

To disable an event type, set the preference variable for that event type to $false. For example, to disable command life-cycle events, type:

$LogProviderLifeCycleEvent = $false

You can disable any event, except for the events that indicate that the Windows PowerShell engine and the core providers are started. These events are generated before the Windows PowerShell profiles are run and before the host program is ready to accept commands.

The variable settings apply only for the current Windows PowerShell session. To apply them to all Windows PowerShell sessions, add them to your Windows PowerShell profile.

Logging Module Events

Beginning in Windows PowerShell 3.0, you can record execution events for the cmdlets and functions in Windows PowerShell modules and snap-ins by setting the LogPipelineExecutionDetails property of modules and snap-ins to TRUE. In Windows PowerShell 2.0, this feature is available only for snap-ins.

When the LogPipelineExecutionDetails property value is TRUE ($true), Windows PowerShell writes cmdlet and function execution events in the session to the Windows PowerShell log in Event Viewer. The setting is effective only in the current session.

To enable logging of execution events of cmdlets and functions in a module, use the following command sequence.

Import-Module <ModuleName>
$m = Get-Module <ModuleName>
$m.LogPipelineExecutionDetails = $true

To enable logging of execution events of cmdlets in a snap-in, use the following command sequence.

$m = Get-PSSnapin <SnapInName> [-Registered]
$m.LogPipelineExecutionDetails = $True

To disable logging, use the same command sequence to set the property value to FALSE ($false).

You can also use the "Turn on Module Logging" Group Policy setting to enable and disable module and snap-in logging. The policy value includes a list of module and snap-in names. Wildcards are supported.

When "Turn on Module Logging" is set for a module, the value of the LogPipelineExecutionDetails property of the module is TRUE in all sessions and it cannot be changed.

The Turn On Module Logging group policy setting is located in the following Group Policy paths:

Computer Configuration\
  Administrative Templates\
    Windows Components\
     Windows PowerShell

User Configuration\
  Administrative Templates\
    Windows Components\
      Windows PowerShell

The User Configuration policy takes precedence over the Computer Configuration policy, and both policies take preference over the value of the LogPipelineExecutionDetails property of modules and snap-ins.

For more information about this Group Policy setting, see about_Group_Policy_Settings.

Security and Auditing

The Windows PowerShell event log is designed to indicate activity and to provide operational details for troubleshooting.

However, like most Windows-based application event logs, the Windows PowerShell event log is not designed to be secure. It should not be used to audit security or to record confidential or proprietary information.

Event logs are designed to be read and understood by users. Users can read from and write to the log. A malicious user could read an event log on a local or remote computer, record false data, and then prevent the logging of their activities.

Notes

Authors of module authors can add logging features to their modules. For more information, see Writing a Windows PowerShell Module in the MSDN library.

See Also

Get-EventLog

Get-WmiObject

about_Group_Policy_Settings

about_Preference_Variables