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/RTC (Run-Time Error Checks)

  • Article

Used to enable and disable the run-time error checks feature, in conjunction with the runtime_checks pragma.

/RTC1
/RTCc
/RTCs
/RTCu

Arguments

  • 1
    Equivalent of /RTCsu.

  • c
    Reports when a value is assigned to a smaller data type and results in a data loss. For example, if a value of type short 0x101 is assigned to a variable of type char.

    This option reports situations in which you intend to truncate, for example, if you want the first eight bits of an int returned as a char. Because /RTCc causes a run-time error if any information is lost as a result of the assignment, you can mask off the information you need to avoid a run-time error as a result of /RTCc. For example:

    #include <crtdbg.h>

char get8bits(int value, int position) {
   _ASSERT(position < 32);
   return (char)(value >> position);
   // Try the following line instead:
   // return (char)((value >> position) & 0xff);
}

int main() {
   get8bits(12341235,3);
}

  • s
    Enables stack frame run-time error checking, as follows:

    • Initialization of local variables to a nonzero value. This helps identify bugs that do not appear when running in debug mode. There is a greater chance that stack variables will still be zero in a debug build compared to a release build because of compiler optimizations of stack variables in a release build. Once a program has used an area of its stack, it is never reset to 0 by the compiler. Therefore, subsequent, uninitialized stack variables that happen to use the same stack area can return values left over from the prior use of this stack memory.

    • Detection of overruns and underruns of local variables such as arrays. /RTCs will not detect overruns when accessing memory that results from compiler padding within a structure. Padding could occur by using align (C+), /Zp (Struct Member Alignment), or pack, or if you order structure elements in such a way as to require the compiler to add padding.

    • Stack pointer verification, which detects stack pointer corruption. Stack pointer corruption can be caused by a calling convention mismatch. For example, using a function pointer, you call a function in a DLL that is exported as __stdcall but you declare the pointer to the function as __cdecl.

  • u
    Reports when a variable is used without having been initialized. For example, an instruction that generates Compiler Warning (level 4) C4701 may also generate a run-time error under /RTCu. Any instruction that generates Compiler Warning (level 1 and level 4) C4700 will generate a run-time error under /RTCu.

    However, consider the following code fragment:

    int a, *b, c;
if ( 1 )
b = &a;
c = a;  // No run-time error with /RTCu

    If a variable could have been initialized, it will not be reported at run time by /RTCu. For example, after a variable is aliased through a pointer, the compiler will not track the variable and report uninitialized uses. In effect, you can initialize a variable by taking its address. The & operator works like an assignment operator in this situation.

Remarks

Run-time error checks are a way for you to find problems in your running code; for more information, see How to: Use Native Run-Time Checks.

If you compile your program at the command line using any of the /RTC compiler options, any pragma optimize instructions in your code will silently fail. This is because run-time error checks are not valid in a release (optimized) build.

You should use /RTC for development builds; /RTC should not be used for a retail build. /RTC cannot be used with compiler optimizations (/O Options (Optimize Code)). A program image built with /RTC will be slightly larger and slightly slower than an image built with /Od (up to 5 percent slower than an /Od build).

The __MSVC_RUNTIME_CHECKS preprocessor directive will be defined when you use any /RTC option or /GZ.

To set this compiler option in the Visual Studio development environment

  1. Open the project's Property Pages dialog box. For details, see How to: Open Project Property Pages.

  2. Click the C/C++ folder.

  3. Click the Code Generation property page.

  4. Modify one or both of the following properties: Basic Runtime Checks or Smaller Type Check.

To set this compiler option programmatically

Smart Device Developer Notes

For device compilers, the RTC feature is supported only on x86, and is not exposed as a property setting for Visual C++ device projects in the Visual Studio IDE. However, if you are targeting x86, this option may be set in the IDE in the Additional options pane of the C/C++ Command Line property page.

See Also

Tasks

RTC Sample: Run-Time Error Checks

Reference

Compiler Options

Setting Compiler Options