Memory Management: Examples

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This article describes how MFC performs frame allocations and heap allocations for each of the three typical kinds of memory allocations:

• An array of bytes

• A data structure

• An object

Allocation of an Array of Bytes

To allocate an array of bytes on the frame

• Define the array as shown by the following code. The array is automatically deleted and its memory reclaimed when the array variable exits its scope.

  {
      const int BUFF_SIZE = 128;
  
      // Allocate on the frame
      char myCharArray[BUFF_SIZE];
      int myIntArray[BUFF_SIZE];
      // Reclaimed when exiting scope
  }
  

To allocate an array of bytes (or any primitive data type) on the heap

• Use the new operator with the array syntax shown in this example:

  const int BUFF_SIZE = 128;
  
  // Allocate on the heap
  char* myCharArray = new char[BUFF_SIZE];
  int* myIntArray = new int[BUFF_SIZE];
  

To deallocate the arrays from the heap

• Use the delete operator as follows:

  delete [] myCharArray;
  delete [] myIntArray;
  

Allocation of a Data Structure

To allocate a data structure on the frame

• Define the structure variable as follows:

  struct MyStructType { int topScore;};
  void SomeFunc(void)
  {
      // Frame allocation
      MyStructType myStruct;
  
      // Use the struct
      myStruct.topScore = 297;
  
      // Reclaimed when exiting scope
  }
  

  The memory occupied by the structure is reclaimed when it exits its scope.

To allocate data structures on the heap

• Use new to allocate data structures on the heap and delete to deallocate them, as shown by the following examples:

  // Heap allocation
  MyStructType* myStruct = new MyStructType;
  
  // Use the struct through the pointer ...
  myStruct->topScore = 297;
  
  delete myStruct;
  

Allocation of an Object

To allocate an object on the frame

• Declare the object as follows:

  {
  CPerson myPerson;     // Automatic constructor call here
  
  myPerson.SomeMemberFunction();     // Use the object
  
  }
  

  The destructor for the object is automatically invoked when the object exits its scope.

To allocate an object on the heap

• Use the new operator, which returns a pointer to the object, to allocate objects on the heap. Use the delete operator to delete them.

  The following heap and frame examples assume that the CPerson constructor takes no arguments.

  // Automatic constructor call here
  CPerson* myPerson = new CPerson; 
  
  myPerson->SomeMemberFunction();            // Use the object
  
  delete myPerson;                    // Destructor invoked during delete
  

  If the argument for the CPerson constructor is a pointer to char, the statement for frame allocation is:

  CPerson myPerson( "Joe Smith" );
  

  The statement for heap allocation is:

  CPerson* MyPerson = new CPerson( "Joe Smith" );