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Applies to:
SQL Server - Linux
In this quickstart, you install SQL Server 2017 (14.x) on SUSE Linux Enterprise Server (SLES) v12. Then you can connect with sqlcmd to create your first database and run queries.
For more information on supported platforms, see Release notes for SQL Server 2017 on Linux.
In this quickstart, you install SQL Server 2019 (15.x) on SUSE Linux Enterprise Server (SLES) v15 (SP3). Then you can connect with sqlcmd to create your first database and run queries.
For more information on supported platforms, see Release notes for SQL Server 2019 on Linux.
In this quickstart, you install SQL Server 2022 (16.x) on SUSE Linux Enterprise Server (SLES) v15 (SP3). Then you can connect with sqlcmd to create your first database and run queries.
For more information on supported platforms, see Release notes for SQL Server 2022 on Linux.
Tip
This tutorial requires user input and an internet connection. If you're interested in the unattended or offline installation procedures, see Installation guidance for SQL Server on Linux.
You must have a SLES v12 SP5 machine with at least 2 GB of memory. The file system must be XFS or EXT4. Other file systems, such as BTRFS, are unsupported.
You must have a SLES v15 (SP1 - SP4) machine with at least 2 GB of memory. The file system must be XFS or EXT4. Other file systems, such as BTRFS, are unsupported.
You must have a SLES v15 (SP1 - SP4) machine with at least 2 GB of memory. The file system must be XFS or EXT4. Other file systems, such as BTRFS, are unsupported.
To install SUSE Linux Enterprise Server on your own machine, go to https://www.suse.com/products/server. You can also create SLES virtual machines in Azure. See Create and Manage Linux VMs with the Azure CLI, and use --image SLES
in the call to az vm create
.
If you've previously installed a community technology preview (CTP) or release candidate (RC) of SQL Server, you must first remove the old repository before following these steps. For more information, see Configure repositories for installing and upgrading SQL Server on Linux.
Note
At this time, the Windows Subsystem for Linux for Windows 10 or Windows 11 isn't supported as an installation target.
For other system requirements, see System requirements for SQL Server on Linux.
To configure SQL Server on SLES, run the following commands in a terminal to install the mssql-server package:
Download the SQL Server 2017 (14.x) SLES repository configuration file:
sudo zypper addrepo -fc https://packages.microsoft.com/config/sles/12/mssql-server-2017.repo
Tip
If you want to install a different version of SQL Server, see the SQL Server 2019 (15.x) or SQL Server 2022 (16.x) version of this article.
Refresh your repositories.
sudo zypper --gpg-auto-import-keys refresh
To ensure that the Microsoft package signing key is installed on your system, you can import it using the command below:
sudo rpm --import https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc
Before you install SQL Server, and after you have registered and activated your SUSE Linux Enterprise Server with SUSE Customer Center, you must activate both the Desktop Applications module and Development Tools module. These modules are required for some of the SQL Server package dependencies.
Now, you're ready to install SQL Server. Run the following commands to install SQL Server:
sudo zypper install -y mssql-server
After the package installation finishes, run mssql-conf setup
and follow the prompts to set the sa
password and choose your edition. As a reminder, the following SQL Server editions are freely licensed: Evaluation, Developer, and Express.
sudo /opt/mssql/bin/mssql-conf setup
Caution
Your password should follow the SQL Server default password policy. By default, the password must be at least eight characters long and contain characters from three of the following four sets: uppercase letters, lowercase letters, base-10 digits, and symbols. Passwords can be up to 128 characters long. Use passwords that are as long and complex as possible.
Once the configuration is done, verify that the service is running:
systemctl status mssql-server
If you plan to connect remotely, you might also need to open the SQL Server TCP port (default 1433) on your firewall. If you're using the SUSE firewall, you need to edit the /etc/sysconfig/SuSEfirewall2
configuration file. Modify the FW_SERVICES_EXT_TCP
entry to include the SQL Server port number.
FW_SERVICES_EXT_TCP="1433"
At this point, SQL Server is running on your SLES machine and is ready to use!
Download the SQL Server 2019 (15.x) SLES repository configuration file:
sudo zypper addrepo -fc https://packages.microsoft.com/config/sles/15/mssql-server-2019.repo
Tip
If you want to install a different version of SQL Server, see the SQL Server 2017 (14.x) or SQL Server 2022 (16.x) version of this article.
Refresh your repositories.
sudo zypper --gpg-auto-import-keys refresh
To ensure that the Microsoft package signing key is installed on your system, you can import it using the command below:
sudo rpm --import https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc
Before you install SQL Server, and after you have registered and activated your SUSE Linux Enterprise Server with SUSE Customer Center, you must activate both the Desktop Applications module and Development Tools module. These modules are required for some of the SQL Server package dependencies.
Now, you're ready to install SQL Server. Run the following commands to install SQL Server:
sudo zypper install -y mssql-server
After the package installation finishes, run mssql-conf setup
and follow the prompts to set the sa
password and choose your edition. As a reminder, the following SQL Server editions are freely licensed: Evaluation, Developer, and Express.
sudo /opt/mssql/bin/mssql-conf setup
Caution
Your password should follow the SQL Server default password policy. By default, the password must be at least eight characters long and contain characters from three of the following four sets: uppercase letters, lowercase letters, base-10 digits, and symbols. Passwords can be up to 128 characters long. Use passwords that are as long and complex as possible.
Once the configuration is done, verify that the service is running:
systemctl status mssql-server
If you plan to connect remotely, you might need to open the SQL Server TCP port (default 1433) on your firewall.
Note
On SLES, you can manage your firewall using firewalld
for example. Install it using sudo zypper install firewalld
, and then start it up with sudo systemctl start firewalld
. Add the firewall rule with sudo firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=1433/tcp --permanent
, and then reload the firewall with sudo firewall-cmd --reload
for the settings to take effect.
At this point, SQL Server is running on your SLES machine and is ready to use!
Download the SQL Server 2022 (16.x) SLES repository configuration file:
sudo zypper addrepo -fc https://packages.microsoft.com/config/sles/15/mssql-server-2022.repo
Tip
If you want to install a different version of SQL Server, see the SQL Server 2017 (14.x) or SQL Server 2019 (15.x) version of this article.
Refresh your repositories.
sudo zypper --gpg-auto-import-keys refresh
To ensure that the Microsoft package signing key is installed on your system, you can import it using the command below:
sudo rpm --import https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc
Before you install SQL Server, and after you have registered and activated your SUSE Linux Enterprise Server with SUSE Customer Center, you must activate both the Desktop Applications module and Development Tools module. These modules are required for some of the SQL Server package dependencies.
Now, you're ready to install SQL Server. Run the following commands to install SQL Server:
sudo zypper install -y mssql-server
After the package installation finishes, run mssql-conf setup
and follow the prompts to set the sa
password and choose your edition. As a reminder, the following SQL Server editions are freely licensed: Evaluation, Developer, and Express.
sudo /opt/mssql/bin/mssql-conf setup
Caution
Your password should follow the SQL Server default password policy. By default, the password must be at least eight characters long and contain characters from three of the following four sets: uppercase letters, lowercase letters, base-10 digits, and symbols. Passwords can be up to 128 characters long. Use passwords that are as long and complex as possible.
Once the configuration is done, verify that the service is running:
systemctl status mssql-server
If you plan to connect remotely, you might need to open the SQL Server TCP port (default 1433) on your firewall.
Note
On SLES, you can manage your firewall using firewalld
for example. Install it using sudo zypper install firewalld
, and then start it up with sudo systemctl start firewalld
. Add the firewall rule with sudo firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=1433/tcp --permanent
, and then reload the firewall with sudo firewall-cmd --reload
for the settings to take effect.
At this point, SQL Server is running on your SLES machine and is ready to use!
When you connect to your SQL Server instance using the system administrator (sa
) account for the first time after installation, it's important for you to follow these steps, and then immediately disable the sa
account as a security best practice.
Create a new login, and make it a member of the sysadmin server role.
Depending on whether you have a container or non-container deployment, enable Windows authentication, and create a new Windows-based login and add it to the sysadmin server role.
Otherwise, create a login using SQL Server authentication, and add it to the sysadmin server role.
Connect to the SQL Server instance using the new login you created.
Disable the sa
account, as recommended for security best practice.
To create a database, you need to connect with a tool that can run Transact-SQL statements on SQL Server. The following steps install the SQL Server command-line tools: sqlcmd utility and bcp utility.
Use the following steps to install the mssql-tools18 on SUSE Linux Enterprise Server.
Import the Microsoft package signing key.
curl -O https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc
sudo rpm --import microsoft.asc
Add the SQL Server repository to Zypper.
For SLES 15, use the following command:
sudo zypper ar https://packages.microsoft.com/config/sles/15/prod.repo
For SLES 12, use the following command:
sudo zypper ar https://packages.microsoft.com/config/sles/12/prod.repo
Install mssql-tools18 with the unixODBC developer package.
sudo zypper install -y mssql-tools18 unixODBC-devel glibc-locale-base
sudo zypper install -y mssql-tools18 unixODBC-devel
To update to the latest version of mssql-tools18, run the following commands:
sudo zypper refresh
sudo zypper update mssql-tools18
Optional: Add /opt/mssql-tools18/bin/
to your PATH
environment variable in a bash shell.
To make sqlcmd and bcp accessible from the bash shell for login sessions, modify your PATH
in the ~/.bash_profile
file with the following command:
echo 'export PATH="$PATH:/opt/mssql-tools18/bin"' >> ~/.bash_profile
source ~/.bash_profile
To make sqlcmd or bcp accessible from the bash shell for interactive/non-login sessions, modify the PATH
in the ~/.bashrc
file with the following command:
echo 'export PATH="$PATH:/opt/mssql-tools18/bin"' >> ~/.bashrc
source ~/.bashrc
The following steps use sqlcmd to locally connect to your new SQL Server instance.
Caution
Your password should follow the SQL Server default password policy. By default, the password must be at least eight characters long and contain characters from three of the following four sets: uppercase letters, lowercase letters, base-10 digits, and symbols. Passwords can be up to 128 characters long. Use passwords that are as long and complex as possible.
Run sqlcmd with parameters for your SQL Server name (-S
), the user name (-U
), and the password (-P
). In this tutorial, you connect locally, so the server name is localhost
. The user name is sa
and the password is the one you provided for the sa
account during setup.
sqlcmd -S localhost -U sa -P '<password>'
Note
Newer versions of sqlcmd are secure by default. For more information about connection encryption, see sqlcmd utility for Windows, and Connecting with sqlcmd for Linux and macOS. If the connection doesn't succeed, you can add the -No
option to sqlcmd to specify that encryption is optional, not mandatory.
You can omit the password on the command line to be prompted to enter it.
If you later decide to connect remotely, specify the machine name or IP address for the -S
parameter, and make sure port 1433 is open on your firewall.
If successful, you should get to a sqlcmd command prompt: 1>
.
If you get a connection failure, first attempt to diagnose the problem from the error message. Then review the connection troubleshooting recommendations.
The following sections walk you through using sqlcmd to create a new database, add data, and run a simple query.
For more information about writing Transact-SQL statements and queries, see Tutorial: Write Transact-SQL statements.
The following steps create a new database named TestDB
.
From the sqlcmd command prompt, paste the following Transact-SQL command to create a test database:
CREATE DATABASE TestDB;
On the next line, write a query to return the name of all of the databases on your server:
SELECT Name
FROM sys.databases;
The previous two commands aren't executed immediately. You must type GO
on a new line to execute the previous commands:
GO
Next create a new table, dbo.Inventory
, and insert two new rows.
From the sqlcmd command prompt, switch context to the new TestDB
database:
USE TestDB;
Create new table named dbo.Inventory
:
CREATE TABLE dbo.Inventory
(
id INT,
name NVARCHAR (50),
quantity INT,
PRIMARY KEY (id)
);
Insert data into the new table:
INSERT INTO dbo.Inventory
VALUES (1, 'banana', 150);
INSERT INTO dbo.Inventory
VALUES (2, 'orange', 154);
Type GO
to execute the previous commands:
GO
Now, run a query to return data from the dbo.Inventory
table.
From the sqlcmd command prompt, enter a query that returns rows from the dbo.Inventory
table where the quantity is greater than 152:
SELECT *
FROM dbo.Inventory
WHERE quantity > 152;
Execute the command:
GO
To end your sqlcmd session, type QUIT
:
QUIT
After installing SQL Server on Linux, review the best practices for configuring Linux and SQL Server to improve performance for production scenarios. For more information, see Performance best practices and configuration guidelines for SQL Server on Linux.
In addition to sqlcmd, you can use the following cross-platform tools to manage SQL Server:
Tool | Description |
---|---|
Azure Data Studio | A cross-platform GUI database management utility. |
Visual Studio Code | A cross-platform GUI code editor that run Transact-SQL statements with the mssql extension. |
PowerShell Core | A cross-platform automation and configuration tool based on cmdlets. |
mssql-cli | A cross-platform command-line interface for running Transact-SQL commands. |
SQL Server tools on Windows connect to SQL Server instances on Linux in the same way they would connect to any remote SQL Server instance.
If you have a Windows machine that can connect to your Linux machine, try the same steps in this topic from a Windows command-prompt running sqlcmd. You must use the target Linux machine name or IP address rather than localhost
, and make sure that TCP port 1433 is open on the SQL Server machine. If you have any problems connecting from Windows, see connection troubleshooting recommendations.
For other tools that run on Windows but connect to SQL Server on Linux, see:
For other installation scenarios, see the following resources:
For answers to frequently asked questions, see the SQL Server on Linux FAQ.
Did you know that you can edit SQL content yourself? If you do so, not only do you help improve our documentation, but you also get credited as a contributor to the page.
For more information, see How to contribute to SQL Server documentation
Events
Mar 31, 11 PM - Apr 2, 11 PM
The biggest SQL, Fabric and Power BI learning event. March 31 – April 2. Use code FABINSIDER to save $400.
Register todayTraining
Certification
Microsoft Certified: Azure Database Administrator Associate - Certifications
Administer an SQL Server database infrastructure for cloud, on-premises and hybrid relational databases using the Microsoft PaaS relational database offerings.
Documentation
RHEL: Install SQL Server on Linux - SQL Server
This quickstart shows how to install SQL Server on Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) and then create and query a database with sqlcmd.
Configure Repositories for Installing and Upgrading SQL Server on Linux - SQL Server
Check and configure source repositories for SQL Server on Linux. The source repository affects the version of SQL Server that is applied during installation and upgrade.
Ubuntu: Install SQL Server on Linux - SQL Server
This quickstart shows how to install SQL Server 2017 and later versions on Ubuntu and then create and query a database with sqlcmd.