Quickstart: Install SQL Server and create a database on Ubuntu

Applies to: SQL Server - Linux

In this quickstart, you install SQL Server 2022 (16.x) on Ubuntu 20.04. Then you can connect with sqlcmd to create your first database and run queries.

For more information on supported platforms, see Release notes for SQL Server 2022 (16.x) on Linux.

Tip

This tutorial requires user input and an internet connection. If you are interested in the unattended or offline installation procedures, see Installation guidance for SQL Server on Linux.

If you choose to have a pre-installed SQL Server VM on Ubuntu ready to run your production-based workload, then please follow the best practices for creating the SQL Server VM.

Azure Marketplace image

You can create your VM based on the following Azure Marketplace image: Ubuntu 20.04.

When you use this image, you avoid the installation step, and can directly configure the instance by providing the SKU and the sa password needed to get started with SQL Server. SQL Server Azure VMs deployed on Ubuntu Pro using the above Marketplace images, are fully supported by both Microsoft and Canonical.

You can configure SQL Server on Linux with mssql-conf, using the following command:

sudo /opt/mssql/bin/mssql-conf setup

Prerequisites

You must have an Ubuntu 20.04 machine with at least 2 GB of memory.

To install Ubuntu 20.04 on your own machine, go to https://releases.ubuntu.com/20.04/. You can also create Ubuntu virtual machines in Azure. See Create and Manage Linux VMs with the Azure CLI.

If you've previously installed a Community Technology Preview (CTP) or Release Candidate (RC) of SQL Server, you must first remove the old repository before following these steps. For more information, see Configure Linux repositories for SQL Server.

The Windows Subsystem for Linux isn't supported as an installation target for SQL Server.

For other system requirements, see System requirements for SQL Server on Linux.

Install SQL Server

To configure SQL Server on Ubuntu, run the following commands in a terminal to install the mssql-server package.

1. Import the public repository GPG keys:

   wget -qO- https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc | sudo tee /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/microsoft.asc
   

2. Register the SQL Server Ubuntu repository:

   sudo add-apt-repository "$(wget -qO- https://packages.microsoft.com/config/ubuntu/20.04/mssql-server-2022.list)"
   

   Tip

   If you want to install a different version of SQL Server, see the SQL Server 2017 (14.x) or SQL Server 2019 (15.x) versions of this article.

3. Run the following commands to install SQL Server:

   sudo apt-get update
   sudo apt-get install -y mssql-server
   

4. After the package installation finishes, run mssql-conf setup and follow the prompts to set the SA password and choose your edition. As a reminder, the following SQL Server editions are freely licensed: Evaluation, Developer, and Express.

   sudo /opt/mssql/bin/mssql-conf setup
   

   Remember to specify a strong password for the SA account. You need a minimum length 8 characters, including uppercase and lowercase letters, base-10 digits and/or non-alphanumeric symbols.

5. Once the configuration is done, verify that the service is running:

   systemctl status mssql-server --no-pager
   

6. If you plan to connect remotely, you might also need to open the SQL Server TCP port (default 1433) on your firewall.

At this point, SQL Server is running on your Ubuntu machine and is ready to use!

Install the SQL Server command-line tools

To create a database, you need to connect with a tool that can run Transact-SQL statements on SQL Server. The following steps install the SQL Server command-line tools: sqlcmd and bcp.

Use the following steps to install the mssql-tools on Ubuntu. If curl isn't installed, you can run this code:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt install curl

1. Import the public repository GPG keys.

   curl https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc | sudo tee /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/microsoft.asc
   

2. Register the Ubuntu repository.

   curl https://packages.microsoft.com/config/ubuntu/20.04/prod.list | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/msprod.list
   

3. Update the sources list and run the installation command with the unixODBC developer package. For more information, see Install the Microsoft ODBC driver for SQL Server (Linux).

   sudo apt-get update
   sudo apt-get install mssql-tools unixodbc-dev
   

   You can update to the latest version of mssql-tools using the following commands:

   sudo apt-get update
   sudo apt-get install mssql-tools
   

4. For convenience, add /opt/mssql-tools/bin/ to your PATH environment variable, to make sqlcmd or bcp accessible from the bash shell.

   For interactive sessions, modify the PATH environment variable in your ~/.bash_profile file with the following command:

   echo 'export PATH="$PATH:/opt/mssql-tools/bin"' >> ~/.bash_profile
   

   For non-interactive sessions, modify the PATH environment variable in your ~/.bashrc file with the following command:

   echo 'export PATH="$PATH:/opt/mssql-tools/bin"' >> ~/.bashrc
   source ~/.bashrc
   

Connect locally

The following steps use sqlcmd to locally connect to your new SQL Server instance.

1. Run sqlcmd with parameters for your SQL Server name (-S), the user name (-U), and the password (-P). In this tutorial, you are connecting locally, so the server name is localhost. The user name is sa and the password is the one you provided for the SA account during setup.

   sqlcmd -S localhost -U sa -P '<YourPassword>'
   

   You can omit the password on the command line to be prompted to enter it.

   If you later decide to connect remotely, specify the machine name or IP address for the -S parameter, and make sure port 1433 is open on your firewall.

2. If successful, you should get to a sqlcmd command prompt: 1>.

3. If you get a connection failure, first attempt to diagnose the problem from the error message. Then review the connection troubleshooting recommendations.

Create and query data

The following sections walk you through using sqlcmd to create a new database, add data, and run a simple query.

For more information about writing Transact-SQL statements and queries, see Tutorial: Writing Transact-SQL Statements.

Create a new database

The following steps create a new database named TestDB.

1. From the sqlcmd command prompt, paste the following Transact-SQL command to create a test database:

   CREATE DATABASE TestDB;
   

2. On the next line, write a query to return the name of all of the databases on your server:

   SELECT Name from sys.databases;
   

3. The previous two commands were not executed immediately. You must type GO on a new line to execute the previous commands:

   GO
   

Insert data

Next create a new table, dbo.Inventory, and insert two new rows.

1. From the sqlcmd command prompt, switch context to the new TestDB database:

   USE TestDB;
   

2. Create new table named dbo.Inventory:

   CREATE TABLE dbo.Inventory (
       id INT,
       name NVARCHAR(50),
       quantity INT,
       PRIMARY KEY (id)
   );
   

3. Insert data into the new table:

   INSERT INTO dbo.Inventory VALUES (1, 'banana', 150);
   INSERT INTO dbo.Inventory VALUES (2, 'orange', 154);
   

4. Type GO to execute the previous commands:

   GO
   

Select data

Now, run a query to return data from the dbo.Inventory table.

1. From the sqlcmd command prompt, enter a query that returns rows from the dbo.Inventory table where the quantity is greater than 152:

   SELECT * FROM dbo.Inventory
   WHERE quantity > 152;
   

2. Execute the command:

   GO
   

Exit the sqlcmd command prompt

To end your sqlcmd session, type QUIT:

QUIT

Performance best practices

After installing SQL Server on Linux, review the best practices for configuring Linux and SQL Server to improve performance for production scenarios. For more information, see Performance best practices and configuration guidelines for SQL Server on Linux.

Cross-platform data tools

In addition to sqlcmd, you can use the following cross-platform tools to manage SQL Server:

Tool	Description
Azure Data Studio	A cross-platform GUI database management utility.
Visual Studio Code	A cross-platform GUI code editor that run Transact-SQL statements with the mssql extension.
PowerShell Core	A cross-platform automation and configuration tool based on cmdlets.
mssql-cli	A cross-platform command-line interface for running Transact-SQL commands.

Connecting from Windows

SQL Server tools on Windows connect to SQL Server instances on Linux in the same way they would connect to any remote SQL Server instance.

If you have a Windows machine that can connect to your Linux machine, try the same steps in this topic from a Windows command-prompt running sqlcmd. You must use the target Linux machine name or IP address rather than localhost, and make sure that TCP port 1433 is open on the SQL Server machine. If you have any problems connecting from Windows, see connection troubleshooting recommendations.

For other tools that run on Windows but connect to SQL Server on Linux, see:

• SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS)
• Windows PowerShell
• SQL Server Data Tools (SSDT)

Other deployment scenarios

For other installation scenarios, see the following resources:

• Upgrade: Learn how to upgrade an existing installation of SQL Server on Linux
• Uninstall: Uninstall SQL Server on Linux
• Unattended install: Learn how to script the installation without prompts
• Offline install: Learn how to manually download the packages for offline installation

For answers to frequently asked questions, see the SQL Server on Linux FAQ.

Next steps

• Explore the tutorials for SQL Server on Linux.

Contribute to SQL documentation

Did you know that you can edit SQL content yourself? If you do so, not only do you help improve our documentation, but you also get credited as a contributor to the page.

For more information, see How to contribute to SQL Server documentation