Mathematical Functions (Transact-SQL)
Applies to: 
SQL Server
Azure SQL Database
Azure SQL Managed Instance
Azure Synapse Analytics
Analytics Platform System (PDW)
SQL Endpoint in Microsoft Fabric
Warehouse in Microsoft Fabric
The following scalar functions perform a calculation, usually based on input values that are provided as arguments, and return a numeric value:
- ABS
- ACOS
- ASIN
- ATAN
- ATN2
- CEILING
- COS
- COT
- DEGREES
- EXP
- FLOOR
- LOG
- LOG10
- PI
- POWER
- RADIANS
- RAND
- ROUND
- SIGN
- SIN
- SQRT
- SQUARE
- TAN
Note
Arithmetic functions, such as ABS, CEILING, DEGREES, FLOOR, POWER, RADIANS, and SIGN, return a value having the same data type as the input value. Trigonometric and other functions, including EXP, LOG, LOG10, SQUARE, and SQRT, cast their input values to float and return a float value.
All mathematical functions, except for RAND, are deterministic functions. This means they return the same results each time they are called with a specific set of input values. RAND is deterministic only when a seed parameter is specified. For more information about function determinism, see Deterministic and Nondeterministic Functions.