Exercise - Deploy an application on your Azure Kubernetes Service cluster - Training

10 minutes

In this exercise, deploy your company's website as a test app onto Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS). The website is a static website with an underlying technology stack of HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. It doesn't receive as many requests as the other services and provides us with a safe way to test deployment options.

Note

The code for the web app is available in this GitHub repository if you want to explore the source code further. Also, this sample app will be deployed on a Linux node pool only.

Important

You need your own Azure subscription to run this exercise, and you might incur charges. If you don't already have an Azure subscription, create a free account before you begin.

Create a deployment manifest

You create a deployment manifest file to deploy your application. The manifest file allows you to define what type of resource you want to deploy and all the details associated with the workload.

Kubernetes groups containers into logical structures called pods, which have no intelligence. Deployments add the missing intelligence to create your application. Let's create a deployment file.

Sign in to Azure Cloud Shell.

Azure Cloud Shell
In Cloud Shell, create a manifest file for the Kubernetes deployment called deployment.yaml by using the integrated editor.
```
touch deployment.yaml
```
Open the integrated editor in Cloud Shell by entering code .
Open the deployment.yaml file, and add the following code section of YAML.
```
# deployment.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1 # The API resource where this workload resides
kind: Deployment # The kind of workload we're creating
metadata:
  name: contoso-website # This will be the name of the deployment
```
In this code, you added the first two keys to tell Kubernetes the apiVersion and kind of manifest you're creating. The name is the name of the deployment. Use it to identify and query the deployment information when you use kubectl.

Tip

For more information about apiVersion and what values to put in this key, see the official Kubernetes documentation. Find a link at the end of this module.
A deployment wraps a pod. You make use of a template definition to define the pod information within the manifest file. The template is placed in the manifest file under the deployment specification section.

Update the deployment.yaml file to match the following YAML.
```
# deployment.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: contoso-website
spec:
  template: # This is the template of the pod inside the deployment
    metadata: # Metadata for the pod
      labels:
        app: contoso-website
```
Pods don't use the same names as the deployments. The pod's name is a mix of the deployment's name with a random ID added to the end.

Notice the use of the labels key. You add the labels key to allow deployments to find and group pods.
A pod wraps one or more containers. All pods have a specification section that allows you to define the containers inside that pod.

Update the deployment.yaml file to match the following YAML.
```
# deployment.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: contoso-website
spec:
  template: # This is the template of the pod inside the deployment
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: contoso-website
    spec:
      containers: # Here we define all containers
        - name: contoso-website
```
The containers key is an array of container specifications because a pod can have one or more containers. The specification defines an image, a name, resources, ports, and other important information about the container.

All running pods follow the name contoso-website-<UUID>, where UUID is a generated ID to identify all resources uniquely.

It's a good practice to define a minimum and a maximum amount of resources that the app is allowed to use from the cluster. You use the resources key to specify this information.

Update the deployment.yaml file to match the following YAML.

# deployment.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: contoso-website
spec:
  template: # This is the template of the pod inside the deployment
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: contoso-website
    spec:
      containers:
        - image: mcr.microsoft.com/mslearn/samples/contoso-website
          name: contoso-website
          resources:
            requests: # Minimum amount of resources requested
              cpu: 100m
              memory: 128Mi
            limits: # Maximum amount of resources requested
              cpu: 250m
              memory: 256Mi

Notice how the resource section allows you to specify the minimum resource amount as a request and the maximum resource amount as a limit.

The last step is to define the ports this container exposes externally through the ports key. The ports key is an array of objects, which means that a container in a pod can expose multiple ports with multiple names.

Update the deployment.yaml file to match the following YAML.

# deployment.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: contoso-website
spec:
  template: # This is the template of the pod inside the deployment
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: contoso-website
    spec:
      nodeSelector:
        kubernetes.io/os: linux
      containers:
        - image: mcr.microsoft.com/mslearn/samples/contoso-website
          name: contoso-website
          resources:
            requests:
              cpu: 100m
              memory: 128Mi
            limits:
              cpu: 250m
              memory: 256Mi
          ports:
            - containerPort: 80 # This container exposes port 80
              name: http # We named that port "http" so we can refer to it later

Notice how you name the port by using the name key. Naming ports allows you to change the exposed port without changing files that reference that port.

Finally, add a selector section to define the workloads the deployment manages. The selector key is placed inside the deployment specification section of the manifest file. Use the matchLabels key to list the labels for all the pods managed by the deployment.

Update the deployment.yaml file to match the following YAML.

# deployment.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: contoso-website
spec:
  selector: # Define the wrapping strategy
    matchLabels: # Match all pods with the defined labels
      app: contoso-website # Labels follow the `name: value` template
  template: # This is the template of the pod inside the deployment
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: contoso-website
    spec:
      nodeSelector:
        kubernetes.io/os: linux
      containers:
        - image: mcr.microsoft.com/mslearn/samples/contoso-website
          name: contoso-website
          resources:
            requests:
              cpu: 100m
              memory: 128Mi
            limits:
              cpu: 250m
              memory: 256Mi
          ports:
            - containerPort: 80
              name: http

Note

In an AKS cluster which has multiple node pools (Linux and Windows), the deployment manifest file previously listed also defines a nodeSelector to tell your AKS cluster to run the sample application's pod on a node that can run Linux containers.

Linux nodes can't run Windows containers and vice versa.

Save the manifest file and close the editor.

Apply the manifest

In Cloud Shell, run the kubectl apply command to submit the deployment manifest to your cluster.
```
kubectl apply -f ./deployment.yaml
```
The command should output a result similar to the following example.
```
deployment.apps/contoso-website created
```

Run the kubectl get deploy command to check if the deployment was successful.

kubectl get deploy contoso-website

The command should output a table similar to the following example.

NAME              READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
contoso-website   0/1     1            0           16s

Run the kubectl get pods command to check if the pod is running.

kubectl get pods

The command should output a table similar to the following example.

NAME                               READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
contoso-website-7c58c5f699-r79mv   1/1     Running   0          63s

Continue

Exercise - Deploy an application on your Azure Kubernetes Service cluster

Create a deployment manifest

Apply the manifest

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