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Tutorial: Install a locally modified dependency

This tutorial guides you on modifying a vcpkg port using custom overlays. We recommend that you read the tutorial on packaging a library before proceeding.

In this tutorial, you will learn to:

Prerequisites

1 - Create an overlay port

The first step is to create an overlay port of the package you want to modify.

Create a directory to hold your overlay ports

The overlay ports directory can be created in any filesystem location of your choosing. In any step of this tutorial, replace $OVERLAY_LOCATION with your chosen location.

mkdir "$OVERLAY_LOCATION"

mkdir "$OVERLAY_LOCATION"

Copy the contents of the port into your overlay ports directory

For this tutorial, you'll modify the vcpkg-sample-library port in the packaging tutorial to add dynamic library support.

Copy-Item -Path <path/to/vcpkg-sample-library> -Destination "$OVERLAY_LOCATION" -Recurse

xcopy <path/to/vcpkg-sample-library> "$OVERLAY_LOCATION" /E

cp -R <path/to/vcpkg-sample-library> "$OVERLAY_LOCATION"

2 - Get the port's source code

To obtain the source code for the port you want to modify, run the following command:

vcpkg install "--overlay-ports=$OVERLAY_LOCATION" vcpkg-sample-library --editable

The output should contain a line similar to:

-- Using source at path/to/vcpkg/buildtrees/vcpkg-sample-library/src/1.0.0-b54c55c215

This is the location of the port's source code.

3 - Create a temporary Git registry

Initialize a temporary Git repository in the source code location. This is in order to use Git to generate patch files that you can apply in the portfile.cmake script. Replace $SOURCE_PATH with the location obtained in the previous step.

cd "$SOURCE_PATH"
git init
git add .
git commit -m "Initial commit"

4 - Modify the necessary files

Modify the following source code files to add dynamic library support to vcpkg-sample-library.

my_sample_lib.h

#pragma once

#include <string>

#if MYLIB_EXPORTS
__declspec(dllexport)
#endif
std::string greet(const std::string& name);

CMakeLists.txt

Remove STATIC from the add_library() call.

add_library(my_sample_lib my_sample_lib.cpp)

Add a compile definition when building as a shared library.

if (BUILD_SHARED_LIBS)
    target_compile_definitions(my_sample_lib PRIVATE MYLIB_EXPORTS)
endif()

5 - Generate a patch file

In the source code directory, run the following command to generate a patch file.

git diff --output "$OVERLAY_LOCATION/vcpkg-sample-library/add-dynamic-lib-support.patch"

This creates a file named add-dynamic-lib-support.patch in your overlay port, with contents similar to:

diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index 2b42f71..378aac7 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -2,26 +2,33 @@ cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.10)
 
 project(my_sample_lib)
 
+include(GNUInstallDirs)
+
 # Find the fmt library
 find_package(fmt CONFIG REQUIRED)
 
 # Add your library
-add_library(my_sample_lib STATIC my_sample_lib.cpp)
+add_library(my_sample_lib my_sample_lib.cpp)
+
+if (BUILD_SHARED_LIBS AND MSVC)
+    target_compile_definitions(my_sample_lib PRIVATE MYLIB_EXPORTS)
+endif()
 
 # Link your library to fmt
 target_link_libraries(my_sample_lib PRIVATE fmt::fmt)
 
+
 # Add include directories
 target_include_directories(my_sample_lib PUBLIC 
     $<BUILD_INTERFACE:${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}>   # for headers when building
-    $<INSTALL_INTERFACE:include>  # for client in install mode
+    $<INSTALL_INTERFACE:${CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR}>  # for client in install mode
 )
 # Install the library and its headers
 install(TARGETS my_sample_lib
         EXPORT my_sample_lib_targets
-        ARCHIVE DESTINATION lib
-        LIBRARY DESTINATION lib
-        RUNTIME DESTINATION bin)
+        ARCHIVE DESTINATION "${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}"
+        LIBRARY DESTINATION "${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}"
+        RUNTIME DESTINATION "${CMAKE_INSTALL_BINDIR}")
 
 install(FILES my_sample_lib.h DESTINATION include)
 
diff --git a/my_sample_lib.h b/my_sample_lib.h
index d6d70b8..0b62141 100644
--- a/my_sample_lib.h
+++ b/my_sample_lib.h
@@ -2,4 +2,7 @@
 
 #include <string>
 
+#if MYLIB_EXPORTS
+__declspec(dllexport)
+#endif
 std::string greet(const std::string& name);

6 - Modify portfile.cmake to apply the patch

Change portfile.cmake to remove the ONLY_STATIC_LIBRARY restriction and apply your patch to the source code.

portfile.cmake

vcpkg_from_github(
    OUT_SOURCE_PATH SOURCE_PATH
    REPO MicrosoftDocs/vcpkg-docs
    REF 1.0.0 # This is for demonstration purposes as '1.0.2' of the sample library already has dynamic library support
    SHA512 3f206cc2fe61d9c97c82b30852e1e4e6df299d93f6159edd1e56c644fa03ccc4670f7681e356d0e3db898a74e099a1ec531821df5430a7b14d61c743c5aa8c30
    HEAD_REF cmake-sample-lib
    PATCHES
        "add-dynamic-lib-support.patch"
)

vcpkg_cmake_configure(
    SOURCE_PATH "${SOURCE_PATH}"
)

vcpkg_cmake_install()

vcpkg_cmake_config_fixup(PACKAGE_NAME "my_sample_lib")

file(REMOVE_RECURSE "${CURRENT_PACKAGES_DIR}/debug/include")

file(INSTALL "${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/usage" DESTINATION "${CURRENT_PACKAGES_DIR}/share/${PORT}")
vcpkg_install_copyright(FILE_LIST "${SOURCE_PATH}/LICENSE")

7 - Install your overlay port

Run the following command:

vcpkg install "--overlay-ports=$OVERLAY_LOCATION" vcpkg-sample-library

Make sure to remove the --editable flag, so that the patch file applies to a clean copy of the source code. You should see a line about applying your patch file to the source code in the output:

-- Cleaning sources at D:/Work/vcpkg/buildtrees/vcpkg-sample-library/src/1.0.0-8f646312ed.clean. Use --editable to skip cleaning for the packages you specify.
-- Extracting source D:/Work/vcpkg/downloads/Microsoft-vcpkg-docs-1.0.0.tar.gz
-- Applying patch add-dynamic-lib-support.patch

Next steps

And that's it! You have installed a locally modified dependency using a patch file.

Here are some tasks to try next:

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